The ability to detect surfaces within confocal microscope images is important for the interpretation of such data. Most detectors are gradient-based, and so are sensitive to noise, and fail to detect some feature types that are important in confocal microscopy. The local energy feature detector developed by Morrone and Owens marks locations where there is congruence of phase in the Fourier comp...

A multiple-symbol differential detector is formulated for -ary differential phase-shift keying modulation where the channel state information is unknown to the receiver. The maximum-likelihood decision statistic is derived for the detector, and its performance is demonstrated by analysis and simulation. Under the Gaussian assumption for the aggregate interference plus noise, an exact expression...

The most commonly-used mode of imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has made use of the annular dark-field (ADF) detector. Recently, however, there has been increased interest in bright-field (BF) modes. By reciprocity, a small BF detector with collection angles that are about an order of magnitude smaller than the convergence angle of the probe (see Fig. 1) provides ...

In pedestrian detection methods, their high accuracy detection rates are always obtained at the cost of a large amount of false pedestrians. In order to overcome this problem, the authors propose an accurate pedestrian detection system based on two machine learning methods: cascade AdaBoost detector and random vector functional-link net. During the offline training phase, the parameters of a ca...

This paper proposes an iterative multiuser detector for a direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system based on the iterative technique of Gauss-Seidel for solving linear algebraic equations. The detector starts with soft iterations, that is, no hard decisions are made until (near) signal decorrelation is achieved. The signals at this point are passed to an amplitude/phase est...

This paper demonstrates a pulse width controlled PLL without using an LPF. A pulse width controlled oscillator accepts the PFD output where its pulse width controls the oscillation frequency. In the pulse width controlled oscillator, the input pulse width is converted into soft thermometer code through a time to soft thermometer code converter and the code controls the ring oscillator frequency...

An on-line delay estimation algorithm based upon an analogue quadrature phase detector that is suitable for determining the subsample delay between two noisy sinusoidal signals is introduced. The new estimator uses a discrete-time quadrature technique to directly update the delay estimate, which is in turn used to adapt the coefficients of a simple fractional delay filter (FDF). The estimator i...

1. Definition. A PLL is a feedback system that includes a VCO, phase detector, and low pass filter within its loop. Its purpose is to force the VCO to replicate and track the frequency and phase at the input when in lock. The PLL is a control system allowing one oscillator to track with another. It is possible to have a phase offset between input and output, but when locked, the frequencies mus...

This paper presents results of a design that uses CMOS current mode logic that can be used to implement the high precision, speed critical elements of the mixed-signal systems. The design is based upon the 0.25-μm CMOS TSMC process. The propagation delays of the new current mode logic are compared to those of equivalent gates implemented in conventional CMOS logic. The results show a propagatio...

One procedure widely used to detect the velocity of a moving object is by using the Doppler effect. This is the perceived change in frequency of a wave caused by the relative motion between the emitter and the detector, or between the detector and a reflecting target. The relative movement, in turn, generates a time-varying phase which translates into the detected frequency shift. The classical...