We present a novel formulation of quantum game theory based on the Schmidt decomposition, which has the merit that the entanglement of quantum strategies is manifestly quantified. We apply this formulation to 2-player, 2-strategy symmetric games and obtain a complete set of quantum Nash equilibria. Apart from those available with the maximal entanglement, these quantum Nash equilibria are exten...

Solid–liquid equilibria in mixed electrolyte aqueous solution have been investigated using available thermodynamic data for solids and for aqueous electrolyte solutions. The mean spherical approximation (MSA) modified by Lu et al. [Fluid Phase Equilib. 85 (1993) 81] is used to calculate the mean ionic activity coefficients in mixed electrolyte solutions at saturation conditions. Solid–liquid eq...

All axisymmetric self-similar equilibria of self-gravitating, rotating, isothermal systems are identified by solving the nonlinear Poisson equation analytically. There are two families of equilibria: (1) Cylindrically symmetric solutions in which the density varies with cylindrical radius as R, with 0 ≤ α ≤ 2. (2) Axially symmetric solutions in which the density varies as f(θ)/r, where r is the...

We review the current state of knowledge of phase separation and phase equilibria in porous materials. Our emphasis is on fundamental studies of simple fluids (composed of small, neutral molecules) and well-characterized materials. While theoretical and molecular simulation studies are stressed, we also survey experimental investigations that are fundamental in nature. Following a brief survey ...

Chemical potential is a fundamental property for determining thermodynamic equilibria involving exchange of molecules, such as between two phases of molecular systems. Previously, we developed the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based method for Modeling Atomistic Protein-crowder interactions (FMAP) to calculate excess chemical potentials according to the Widom insertion. Intermolecular interactio...

Abstract The knowledge of phase equilibria in the Ti-Al-Nb system above 1000 °C is importance for manufacturing TiAl-based parts high-temperature structural applications. Especially extended homogeneity range cubic ( β Ti,Nb) phase, which determined by its Al solubility, and position extension α Ti) crucial hot-workability microstructure control these alloys. However, diagrams reported literatu...

the modified nrtl (m-nrtl) model is used to represent the excess gibbs free energy of aqueous (alcohol + electrolyte) solutions. in this work, the m-nrtl model previously developed for representation of vapor-liquid equilibria for (polymer + salt + water) systems has been extended to represent liquid-liquid equilibria of (alcohol + salt + water) systems. the proposed extension is a modified of ...

Abstract Precise knowledge of the phase equilibria in Ti-Al-Nb system between 700 and 900 °C is crucial importance for urgently needed improvement TiAl-based turbine materials already industrial use to achieve further energy savings. As a result occurrence two ternary intermetallic phases ? o (“Ti 4 NbAl 3 ”) O 2 NbAl”), which form solid state just range application-relevant temperatures, relat...