In numerous reports on selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) of uranium, the extraction of uranium is generally accepted as a direct coordination of the ligands on the solid matrix with the uranyl, in which the critical effect of the hydration shell on the uranyl is neglected. The related mechanism in the extraction process remains unclear. Herein, the detailed calculation of activation energy...

Previous studies have identified chemical recovery condensates as a primary source of hormonally active substances within a Canadian bleached kraft pulp mill. Although reverse osmosis treatment of condensates raises the exposure threshold that alters circulating levels of testosterone in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), the responsible chemicals have not been characterized. In this study, a s...

Estrone has been identified as a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). To facilitate its analysis, a highly selective and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method with a simple solid-phase extraction (SPE) for analysis of estrone in aquatic environments has been developed. The specific polyclonal antibody was produced against a conjugate of estrone-3-hemisuccinate and...

A SPE-UHPLC-UV method for the determination of 13 pharmaceuticals from different therapeutic groups in surface water and wastewater samples was proposed. The following three solid-phase-extraction (SPE) columns with polymeric sorbents were used as a pre-concentration step: the Oasis HLB (average recoveries 93.8 %), the Nexus (84.0 %) and the Bond Elut ENV (88.3 %). A reverse-phase UHPLC with a ...

A miniaturized transverse flow gating interface (μ-TFGI) is presented for the on-line coupling of solid-phase extraction with capillary electrophoresis (SPE-CE). The fabrication and operation procedures of the μ-TFGI are described in detail. After the operation conditions were investigated and selected, the μ-TFGI was evaluated on an SPE-CE-UV setup using clenbuterol (CLB) as the test analyte. ...

Factors affecting solid phase extraction (SPE) of trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA), as a benzene biomarker, including sample pH, sample concentration, sample volume, sample flow rate, washing solvent, elution solvent, and type of sorbent were evaluated. Extracted samples were determined by HPLC-UV (high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet). The analytical column was C18, UV wave length...

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is emerging as a valuable analytical technique for use as an alternative to conventional solid-phase (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction techniques. It is a relatively new technique based on the use of supercritical fluids for the isolation of analytes from various matrices and is attracting great interest because of the increasing need for a simple, rapid, e...

An optimized extraction and cleanup method for the analysis of chlortetracycline (CTC), doxycycline (DC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and tetracycline (TC) in soil is presented. Soil extraction in a pressurized liquid extraction system, followed by extract clean up using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and tetracycline determination by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) provided a...

The environmental analysis of estrogens and progestogens at physiologically active concentrations (low ng/l range) requires the use of very sensitive and selective methods, which, in most cases, make necessary an extraction/purification step. In this study, various procedures for the determination of several estrogens (estriol, estradiol, ethynyl estradiol, estrone, and diethylstilbestrol) and ...

This paper reviews the phenolic-compound-extraction systems used to analyse fruit and vegetable samples over the last 10 years. Phenolic compounds are naturally occurring antioxidants, usually found in fruits and vegetables. Sample preparation for analytical studies is necessary to determine the polyphenolic composition in these matrices. The most widely used extraction system is liquid-liquid ...