In the present study, a heterogeneous and homogeneous gas flow dispersion model for simulation and optimization of a large-scale catalytic slurry reactor for the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from synthesis gas (syngas) and CO2, using a churn-turbulent regime was developed. In the heterogeneous flow model, the gas phase was distributed into two bubble phases including small and large...

As the scale of engineered systems such as electric power grids, communication networks, and the Internet expands and as society’s dependence upon reliable operation of these networks increases, it is vital that system engineers seek a better understanding of how small-scale failures of individual elements may propagate to produce global, system-wide failures. Within this general class of probl...

We present here a three-fluid three-pressure model to describe three-field patterns or three-phase flows. The basic ideas rely on the counterpart of the two-fluid two-pressure model which has been introduced in the DDT (deflagration to detonation theory) framework, and has been more recently extended to liquid–vapour simulations. We first show that the system is hyperbolic without any constrain...