Murine phosphatidyl choline (PtC)-specific B cells in normal mice belong exclusively to the B-1 subset. Analysis of anti-PtC (VH12 and VH12/Vkappa4) transgenic (Tg) mice indicates that exclusion from B-0 (also known as B-2) occurs after immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. This predicts that PtC-specific B-0 cells are generated, but subsequently eliminated by either apoptosis or differentiation t...

The main nonmedullary form of thyroid cancer is papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that accounts for 80-90% of all thyroid malignancies. Only 3-10% of PTC patients have a positive family history of PTC yet the familiality is one of the highest of all cancers as measured by case control studies. A handful of genes have been implicated accounting for a small fraction of this genetic predisposition...

The conserved Hedgehog (HH) signals control animal development, adult stem cell maintenance and oncogenesis. In Drosophila, the HH co-receptor Patched (PTC) controls both HH gradient formation and signalling. PTC is post-translationally downregulated by HH, which promotes its endocytosis and destabilization, but the mechanisms of PTC trafficking and its importance in the control of PTC remain t...

Thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent endocrine cancer accounting for 5-10% of thyroid nodules. Papillary histotype (PTC) is the most prevalent form accounting for 80% of all thyroid carcinoma. Although much is known about its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical, and biological behavior, the only documented risk factor for PTC is the ionizing radiation exposure. Rearrangements of the Rearrang...

Rearrangements involving the RET protooncogene have been implicated in the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PC). Transgenic mice, expressing thyroid-targeted RET/PTC-1, develop PC; but the clinical significance of this oncogene remains uncertain. We examined the expression of RET/PTC-1, -2, and -3 in human thyroid microcarcinomas and clinically evident PC to determine its role in ear...

BACKGROUND Rs2910164, a Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the precursor microRNA sequence of miR-146a, is the only MicroRNA sequence SNP studied in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Association studies had been performed in US and UK-Northern European populations, but results were inconsistence. This study evaluated the association between rs2910164 and the risk of PTC as well as be...

Follicular variant papillary thyroid cancer (FVPTC) is the second most common subtype after conventional PTC. We compared ultrasonographic (US) features of FVPTC to those of conventional PTC according to tumor size. We reviewed US findings, pathologic reports, and medical charts of 249 PTC patients with surgically proven disease (83 FVPTCs, 166 conventional PTCs) at our institution from January...

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, accounting for 85-90% of all thyroid cancers. Genetic alternations involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway are frequently demonstrated in PTC, such as RET/PTC, RAS, and B-type Raf kinase (BRAF) mutations. Over 90% of BRAF mutations are T1799A, resulting in a BRAF(V600E) mutation. BRAF(V600E) is present...

RDEB is a rare bullous genodermatosis caused by mutations in COL7A1. Clinical features range from severe wounds to esophageal strictures and anemia. Prior work has identified associations of biallelic COL7A1 premature termination codon (PTC) with more disease, likely absent or severely truncated type VII collagen (C7), but genotype-phenotype for other including splice site (SP) missense (MS) re...

The association between central lymph node metastasis (LNM) and risk factors, including the presence of the BRAF mutation, BRAFV600E, in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) requires further investigation. A potent risk factor that can indicate LNM in different histological subtypes of PTC and in different preoperative central lymph node statuses also requires further research. A total ...