Purpose. The paper is aimed at studying the peculiarities of Oleksandr Kulchytskyi’s doctrine human, taking into account context European philosophy and especially in comparison with paradigm philosophizing Lviv-Warsaw school. theoretical basis study determined by scholarly works field philosophical anthropology, as well latest researches that reinterpret influence Twardowski’s theoretico-metho...

Philosophers disagree. A lot. Pervasive disagreement is part of the territory; consensus hard to find. Some think this should lead us embrace philosophical skepticism: skepticism about extent which we can know, or justifiably believe, views defend and advance. Most philosophers in literature fall into one camp other: anti-skepticism. Drawing on insights hinge epistemology, paper proposes anothe...

In the modern global world, a study on mentality as main characteristic of nation which defines unity religious and cultural tradition society is conditioned with need to develop an effective international cooperation. The purpose analysis determine factors in shaping Ukrainian taking into account its historical background challenges modernity. methodology based principles non-confessional appr...

Introduction Scientific investigation of the mind, known since the nineteen-seventies as 'cognitive science', is an interdisciplinary field of research comprising psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, and philosophy of mind. The presence of philosophy in this list is telling. Cognitive science, although institutionally well established, is not a theor...

This article provides a broad outline of developments in the Dutch health-care policy related to the costs, budgeting, and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals. In-hospital drugs costs are part of hospital budgets, whereas for the main part of costs, nonhospital drugs, no strict budget exists. The government sets a goal for the annual cost increase of nonhospital drugs, but has only limited means t...

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to give a review of the complex system of budgetary constraints to which the French health-care system has been committed since 1996 and to evaluate the consequences on drug policy and on efficient use of pharmaceuticals. METHODS Literature review, legal texts analysis, and interviews with policy makers and companies managers were performed. RESU...

design of the first digital computer, in the hands of John Von Neumann, was strongly influenced by this work of 1943. Von Neumann himself rejected logic as the key to human thinking. Something much more like thermodynamics, he speculated, is needed. And in 1947—only just under half a century ago—Pitts and McCulloch published “How We Know Universals: The Perception of Auditory and Visual Forms.”...