all biological samples emit ultra-low intensity light without any external stimulation. recently, scientific communities have paid particular attention to this phenomenon, known as ultra-weak photon emission (upe). upe has been introduced in the literature as an alternative for biophoton, low-level chemiluminescence and ultra-weak bioluminescence, while it differs from ordinary bioluminescence,...

Objective(s): In this study we evaluate the impact of the different aspects of Gold Nano-Particles (GNPs) on the target absorptive Dose Enhancement Factor (DEF) during external targeted radiotherapy with photon beams ranging from kilovolt to megavolt energies using Monte Carlo simulation. Methods: We have simulated the interaction of photon beams wi...

Purpose: To investigate the energy dependence/spectral sensitivity of silicon diodes designed for small-field dosimetry and obtain response factors (RFs) for arbitrary photon spectra using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.   Methods: The EGSnrc user-code DOSRZnrc was used to calculate the dose deposition in water and in the active volume of a stereotactic diode f...

umbilical and supraumbilical catheter insertion is a common procedure performed in the nicu. it is a safe and usually easy procedure devoid of serious mishaps, morbidity and mortality. complications such as hemorrhage, infection, hernia, evisceration, omphalitis, portal vein thrombosis and portal hypertension may occur after umbilical catheter insertion. other uncommon and rare complications re...

introduction accidents are the second leading cause of disabilities; a problem that causes physical and psychological disorders, and in more severe cases, death. the risks should be identified to suggest the best way to confront and eliminate them. therefore, this study reviews the prevalence and types of accidents among ethnic nomads. materials and methods the current research is a descriptive...

intraosseous migration is an unusual developmental dental anomaly, which demonstrates horizontal movement of unerupted teeth only affecting the permanent dentition of the lower jaw. mandibular second premolar is the most common impacted tooth after the third molars and maxillary canines. distal migration of the second premolar is rare and early loss of the permanent first molar is one of the mo...

human body consists of some tissues among which bone is one of the important living and growing tissue . in this research, energy absorption buildup factor (eabf) values of 27 types of bone have been computed for photon energy 0.03 to 1.5 mev up to 40 mean free path (40mfp) penetration depths. the inner bone tissue, spongiosa and male sternum had the largest values of eabf in low photon energie...

Haploinsufficiency of LIS1 results in lissencephaly, a human neuronal migration disorder. LIS1 is a microtubule- (MT) and centrosome- [microtubule organizing center (MTOC)] associated protein that regulates nucleokinesis via the regulation of dynein motor function and localization. NDEL1 (NudE isoform, NudE like) interacts with LIS1/dynein complex, and is phosphorylated by CDK5/P35. Previous re...