The mathematical principles come from the "Maximum Likelihood Method" [2, 3], used in probability theory for the determination of distribution parameters from experimental data. The Maximum Likelihood analysis leads to the definition of the Probabilistic Hough Transform, which is a likelihood function. If certain assumptions are made about the error characteristics, the PHT is very close to con...

Cirrhosis, the end stage of any chronic liver disease, can lead to portal hypertension (PHT), which can lead to fatal complications. Therefore, the prognosis and management of chronic liver diseases strongly depend on the severity of PHT. The best method to diagnose PHT is the direct measurement of portal pressure, and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) has been suggested as a reliable gol...

Diffusion is not the main process by which drugs are disposed throughout the body. Translational movements of solutes given by different energy-consuming mechanisms are required in order to dispose them efficiently. Membrane transportation and cardiac output distribution are two effective processes to move the molecules among different body sites. Gastrointestinal-blood cycling constitutes a su...

Chronic hepatitis C is the leading cause of advanced liver disease in the Western world. Most patients with liver cirrhosis develop portal hypertension (PHT) (i.e. an abnormal gradient between portal and inferior vena cava pressures), responsible for the most frequent and severe complications of liver disease and, as a consequence, the main cause of death and liver transplantation in those pati...

A, Nickeleit V et al. C4d staining of renal allograft biopsies: a comparative analysis of different staining techniques. Cardiopulmonary assessment of patients with end-stage kidney disease Sir, The recent investigation by Agarwal highlights the need to consider pulmonary disease as part of the cardiovascu-lar disease spectrum among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The prevalence of pul...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of N-(morpholinomethyl)-p-isopropoxy-phenylsuccinimide (MMIPPS) on the protective action of four classical antiepileptic drugs (AEDs: carbamazepine [CBZ], phenobarbital [PB], phenytoin [PHT] and valproate [VPA]) against maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizures in mice. METHODS Tonic hind limb extension (seizure activity) was evo...

Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) commonly co-exists with significant mitral regurgitation (MR), but its prevalence and prognostic importance have not been well documented.

We report the case of a recurrent phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PHT) of the right acetabulum in a 47-year-old man with a long history of hip pain. After primary excision of the PHT, successful remission was expected due to normal phosphate levels. Over a long period, a recurrence led to destruction of the acetabulum and loosening of the back plate of the hip prosthesis. One-year follow-up aft...

Gingival overgrowths are lesions which can be seen due to diffe rent reasons. Phenytoin (PHT), the drug used in the treatment of epilepsy, is probably one of the commonest causes of gingival overgrowth. In the presented case, a male patient aged 23, who has been taking PHT for the treatment of epilepsy, subsequently manifested by the enlarged gingival tissue, which was cut out using gingivectom...

Two sorts of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (PHT) films with the same chemical compositions were prepared, and their electrochemical, spectroscopic, and transport properties were studied with a special interest in a possible influence of film structure on mobilities of charge carriers. One of the PHT films was electrochemically synthesized using 3-hexylthiophene as a monomer (as-grown film) and the oth...