As functional changes in L-type high voltage-gated calcium channels (HVCCs) are recognized to be one of the major neurochemical modifications occurring in brains of animals with morphine physical dependence, this study attempts to examine whether regional difference in the expressions of HVCC subunits are produced in the brains under such pathological conditions. Scatchard analysis of [(3)H]PN2...

BACKGROUND Contextual variables often predict long-term abstinence, but little is known about how these variables exert their effects. These variables could influence abstinence by affecting the ability to quit at all, or by altering risk of lapsing, or progressing from a lapse to relapse. PURPOSE To examine the effect of common predictors of smoking-cessation failure on smoking-cessation pro...

Benzodiazepines, one of the most commonly prescribed class of drugs for the pharmacological treatment of sleep disorders, are controversially discussed for their adverse effects such as physical dependence and withdrawal. Because of the effects of Benzodiazepines, feigning sleep disorders, also described as malingering, may be a viable mean for individuals to get access to prescription of benzo...

This study examined the effect of environmental enrichment on sucrose seeking in rats made abstinent from sucrose for 1 month, as measured by response for a tone+light cue previously associated with 10% sucrose self-administration. Rats were either enriched throughout the study (experiment 1) or only after sucrose self-administration training (experiment 2). Enrichment consisted of either housi...

On the whole, people recognize objects best when they see the objects from a familiar view and worse when they see the objects from views that were previously occluded from sight. Unexpectedly, we found haptic object recognition to be viewpoint-specific as well, even though hand movements were unrestricted. This viewpoint dependence was due to the hands preferring the back "view" of the objects...

A consistent learner is required to correctly and completely reflect in its actual hypothesis all data received so far. Though this demand sounds quite plausible, it may lead to the unsolvability of the learning problem. Therefore, in the present paper several variations of consistent learning are introduced and studied. These variations allow a so-called δ –delay relaxing the consistency deman...

This study aimed to know what variables influence increased length of hospital stay. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted through an integrated geriatric assessment of 81 people over 65 years of age, admitted to a tertiary acute care hospital. Data were collected through the Pfeiffer Scale, Barthel Index, Goldberg Questionnaire, Family APGAR and Gijón Scale. The length of hospital...

The occurrence of damage at the surface of glass parts caused by sharp contact loading is a major issue for glass makers, suppliers and end-users. Yet, it is still a poorly understood problem from the viewpoints both of glass science and solid mechanics. Different microcracking patterns are observed at indentation sites depending on the glass composition and indentation cracks may form during b...