As most sensory modalities, the visual system needs to deal with very fast changes in the environment. Instead of processing all sensory stimuli, the brain is able to construct a perceptual experience by combining selected sensory input with an ongoing internal activity. Thus, the study of visual perception needs to be approached by examining not only the physical properties of stimuli, but als...

Definition Vision is the analysis of patterns in visual images with the view to understanding the objects and the physical processes in the world that generate them. Locally, visual patterns are highly ambiguous and subject to multiple interpretations. Image structures surrounding the pattern being analyzed can provide additional constraints or context to disambiguate the interpretation. The re...

Most fundamental physical equations remain valid if we reverse the time order. Thus, if we start with a physical process (which satisfies these equations) and reverse time order, the resulting process also satisfies all the equations and thus, should also be physically reasonable. In practice, however, many physical processes are not reversible: e.g., a cup can break into pieces, but the pieces...

Three studies explored whether social power affects the perception of physical properties of objects, testing the hypothesis that the powerless find objects to be heavier than the powerful do. Correlational findings from Study 1 revealed that people with a low personal sense of power perceived loaded boxes to be heavier than people with a high personal sense of power perceived them to be. In St...

in ordinary cases, the object of transaction in such contracts as sale (bay‘) and lease (ijāra) has financcial value like property (‘ayn) or profit, or physical action. however, whether obligation to performing an action has a financial value and can be the object of transaction is a matter of debate. in adition, in cases in which the subject of the obligation is the assignment of ownership (ta...

BACKGROUND Violence among adolescents is an important public health problem in the United States. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of having been engaged in physical fighting on school property and associated factors of the behavior among school-going adolescents in the United States. METHODS This study was based on secondary analysis of the United States Youth Risk Behavio...

Cyber physical systems(CPS) include a lot of high complexity computing such as physical aspect modeling, dynamic analysis and verification of continuous dynamic property, analysis and verification of real-time property, analysis and verification of spatial property, scheduling and non-functional requirements. The correctness of computing results of cyber physical systems not only meets the time...

Maxwell's demon explores the role of information in physical processes. Employing information about microscopic degrees of freedom, this "intelligent observer" is capable of compensating entropy production (or extracting work), apparently challenging the second law of thermodynamics. In a modern standpoint, it is regarded as a feedback control mechanism and the limits of thermodynamics are reca...