The T-cell mediated response to a challenge of the immune system with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is a common measure used in ecological studies of host-parasite interactions or parasite-mediated selection. We investigated the temporal dynamics of this response in house sparrows Passer domesticus in order to determine factors that contribute to temporal and individual variation in PHA response. Af...

We have examined the effects of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and the polypeptide growth factor interleukin 2 (IL-2) on the synthesis of the 70- and 90-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90, respectively) in human T lymphocytes. Resting T cells (G0) stimulated with PHA responded with a generalized increase in protein synthesis that included HSP70. Gel blot analysis indicated that steady-state lev...

Treatment of ponies with a single dose of prednisolone markedly reduced the number of blood lymphocytes. A decrease of the number of eosinophils was also observed. In contrast, the number of neutrophils significantly increased. These profound changes were temporary and returned to the pretreatment level within 48 h. The number of monocytes did not show any of the significant changes post-predni...

To confirm that arsenic (As) induces oxidative DNA damage in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated and unstimulated human lymphocytes, we used the alkaline comet assay combined with specific enzyme [formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG)] digestion to measure As-induced base damage. The results showed that the enzyme-sensitive sites were readily detected with the alkaline comet assay after the...

Lymphocytes were incubated with measles virus for 4 days in the absence of a lymphocyte stimulating agent. Such nonstimulated lymphocytes, infected with measles virus, did not express the virus antigens that are detectable by cytotoxic antibodies. Approximately 1 out of 5,000, or even fewer, of such lymphocytes produced virus as demonstrated by the infectious center assay; in the supernate only...

Vanadium (V) is an element with wide industrial applications and environmental release. The object of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of high (10(-4) M) and low (10(-7) M) concentrations of sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) on cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation, cytokine release, CD expression, and granulocyte O2- production. At 10(-4) and 10(-7) M, NaVO3...

Background Successful engraftment and reconstitution of the innate and adaptive immune system are associated with improved outcomes in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A clinically meaningful and simple biomarker of immunosuppression could potentially assist clinicians in their decision-making. We aimed to determine the relationship between T-cell product...

this in vitro study was conducted to evaluate lymphocyte blastogenic and cytokine production by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (pha), pokeweed mitogen (pwm) and concanavalin a (con a) mitogens, by using tetrazolium salt and elisa tests, respectively. the results presented that  interleukin-2 (il-2), il-4, il-5, il-10, il-17 and ifn-γ product...

There is controversy in the literature over whether the selenium (Se) influences cellular immune responses, and the mechanisms possibly underlying these effects are unclear. In this study, the effects of Se on T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production were studied in primary porcine splenocytes. Splenocytes were treated with different mitogens in the presence of 0.5-4 µmol/L sodium selenite. Se ...

The immune response is affected by aridity, but it has been rarely examined in desert-dwelling bats. For two consecutive years, we the seasonal variation innate of an insular desert bat, fish-eating myotis (Myotis vivesi), relation to its reproductive activity and ectoparasite load. We evaluated based on external morphological traits testosterone levels plasma for males progesterone estradiol f...