Piezoelectric single crystals, which have excellent piezoelectric properties, have extensively been employed for various sensors and actuators applications. In this paper, the state-of-art in piezoelectric single crystals for ultrasonic transducer applications is reviewed. Firstly, the basic principles and design considerations of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers will be addressed. Then, th...

Piezoelectric transformers (PTs) are solid-state devices that transform electrical energy into electrical energy by means of a mechanical vibration. These devices are manufactured using piezoelectric materials that are driven at resonance. With appropriate design and circuitry, it is possible to step up and step down the voltages between the input and output sections of the piezoelectric transf...

the most promising method for micro scale energy scavenging is via vibration energy harvesting which converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by the effect of coupling between electric fields and mechanical variables. using piezoelectric cantilevers is the most common method for vibration energy harvesting. changing the shape of the cantilevers can lead to changing the generated output v...

To address the bottleneck issues of an elastic-style six-axis force/torque sensor (six-axis force sensor), this work proposes a no-elastic piezoelectric six-axis force sensor. The operating principle of the piezoelectric six-axis force sensor is analyzed, and a structural model is constructed. The static-active design theory of the piezoelectric six-axis force sensor is established, including a...

In this article, embedded ultrasonic sensors were prepared using 1–3-type piezoelectric composite and piezoelectric ceramic as the piezoelectric elements, respectively. The frequency bandwidth of the novel embedded ultrasonic sensors was investigated. To obtain the relationship between the receiving ultrasonic velocity and compressive strength, as well as their response signals to crack damage,...

An analysis is presented for transient response of a mode-III interfacial crack propagating between two dissimilar piezoelectric half spaces. The dynamic fracture toughness of a piezoelectric interface is examined, which is a central issue related to the interface strength of multi-layered sensors and ferroelectric thin film devices. For the mode-III crack propagation in piezoelectric materials...

The piezoelectric material selection and the circuit design in vibrational energy harvesting are discussed. The performances of the energy-harvesting unimorph devices that captured frequencies of 60 Hz by using piezoelectric PZT-based and BT-based ceramics were evaluated. Output voltages and power from the devices depend on the amplitude and the frequency of the oscillations, and depend on the ...

When a piezoelectric transducer is incorporated in a mechanical structure, it is possible to damp the structural vibrations of the base structure by passive energy dissipation in the electrical domain [1]. Due to the strong electromechanical coupling in piezoelectric elements, the mechanical energy can be efficiently converted to electrical energy. By shunting the piezoelectric element to a pas...

This paper is concerned with the development of a piezoelectric d15 shear-induced torsion actuator made of a lead-free piezoceramic material exhibiting giant piezoelectric shear stress coefficient (e15) and piezoelectric transverse shear actuation force comparable to that of lead-based shear-mode piezoceramics. The Mn-modified 0.93(Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3)-0.07BaTiO3 (NBT-BT-Mn) composition exhibited ex...

A high-voltage sensor was developed by driving optical fibre Bragg gratings, mechanically fixed along the radial direction, with a conventional piezoelectric disc. A wavelength shift modulation is obtained as a result of the converse piezoelectric effect. The measured output signal is linear. The voltage upper limit depends on the type and thickness of the piezoceramic. A sensor built with a di...