Wind turbine structures can be susceptible to damage from earthquake loading due large overturning moments at the foundation level. As wind energy market expands seismically active parts of world, it becomes important evaluate seismic behaviour these structures. Especially, earthquake-induced liquefaction when farms are located on sites with marginal soil conditions such as loose, saturated san...

Triggered by reactivation of the strike-slip North Anatolian Fault, the disastrous Mw 7.4 Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake also produced normal faulting in the pull-apart basin of Gölcük. Surface scarps from such faulting reached almost 2.5m in height. Several structures were crossed by the surface rupture. As expected, many of them either collapsed or were severely damaged. But, surprisingly, sever...

The settlements and corresponding soil reactions of a surface raft foundation subjected to vertically uniform load at the sites granular or cohesive soils have been qualitatively introduced engineers in past. This study intends verify load-response mechanism using three-dimensional finite-element analyses. Mohr–Coulomb model was used simulate nonlinear effects soils. coefficients subgrade were ...