A Diesel cycle heat engine with internal and external irreversibilities of heat transfer and friction, in which the finite rate of combustion is considered and the heat transfer between the working fluid and the environment obeys Newton’s heat transfer law [ ( ) q T ≈ ∆ ], is studied in this paper. Optimal piston motion trajectories for minimizing entropy generation per cycle are derived for th...

This paper demonstrates the influence of the trailing end of the piston, or inboard, pad on the propensity of a brake to generate audible squeal. The unique technique was employed to measure the dynamic centre of pressure at the pad/disc interface during a normal braking operation. This novel technique uses an embedded pressure sensitive film within the pad. The paper also presents the co-plana...

We examine a rod piston-rotaxane system, where the positions of several mobile rings on the axle are controlled by an external force acting on one of the rings. This allows us to access the translational entropy of the rings. For a simple rotaxane molecule with an axle that has uniform ring-axle interactions along its length, the molecule behaves like a miniature piston filled with a one-dimens...

Collisionless shocks are common phenomena in space and astrophysical systems, and in many cases, the shocks can be modeled as the result of the expansion of a magnetic piston though a magnetized ambient plasma. Only recently, however, have laser facilities and diagnostic capabilities evolved sufficiently to allow the detailed study in the laboratory of the microphysics of piston-driven shocks. ...

The equations of motion of plate type suction and discharge valves mounted on reciprocating pistons are given. Their solutions by modal series expansion are discussed and finally given in a form that conforms to the notation and approach used in previous work. Using the definition of an equivalent pressure, it is shown that both types of valves are assisted in closing, which may result in prema...

The Tinius Olson Universal Testing machine (see Figure 1.1) is capable of loading a test specimen to a maximum load of 60,000 lb. The load applying section of this machine consists of three thick metal plates. The top and the bottom plates are rigidly connected together with thick tie rods. This assembly is connected on the bottom to a hydraulic cylinder which is contained within the base of th...

In the present article, the thermal analysis of the cylinder and the piston in four-cylinder engines, made of functionally graded materials (FGMs), has been performed by using the super element method. The objective of using FGMs in the cylinder and the piston is to increase their performance. FGMs include a combination of ceramics and metals. Inside the cylinder, the ceramic is considered and ...

The American Thoracic Society (ATS) recently adopted a new set of 26 standard flow-time waveforms for use in testing both diagnostic and monitoring devices. Some of these waveforms have a higher frequency content than present in the ATS-24 standard volume-time waveforms, which, when produced by a mechanical pump, may result in a pump flow output that is less than the desired flow due to gas com...

Although YSZ ceramic coating has been used in the field of aeroengines for a long time to protect blades from high temperature erosion, its application on marine engines is still very rare. In this study, powder was sprayed onto upper surface Al-Si alloy piston by atmospheric plasma spraying. The with or without coatings applied diesel engine bench, and ship propulsion characteristics test carr...