نتایج جستجو برای: place aversion

تعداد نتایج: 209660  

2017
Hyemin Min Esther Youn Ichiro Kawasaki Yhong-Hee Shim

High-dose caffeine uptake is a developmental stressor and causes food-avoidance behavior (aversion phenotype) in C. elegans, but its mode of action is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of the caffeineinduced aversion behavior in C. elegans. We found that aversion phenotype induced by 30 mM caffeine was mediated by JNK/MAPK pathway, serotonergic and dopaminergic...

Journal: :Management Science 2007
Mohammed Abdellaoui Han Bleichrodt Corina Paraschiv

A body of qualitative evidence shows that loss aversion, a phenomenon formalized in prospect theory, can explain a variety of field and experimental data. Quantifications of loss aversion are, however, hindered by the absence of a general preference-based method to elicit the utility for gains and losses simultaneously. This paper proposes such a method and uses it to measure loss aversion in a...

2017
Patrícia A Correia Eran Lottem Dhruba Banerjee Ana S Machado Megan R Carey Zachary F Mainen

Serotonin (5-HT) is associated with mood and motivation but the function of endogenous 5-HT remains controversial. Here, we studied the impact of phasic optogenetic activation of 5-HT neurons in mice over time scales from seconds to weeks. We found that activating dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) 5-HT neurons induced a strong suppression of spontaneous locomotor behavior in the open field with rapid ...

2005
Thorsten Hens Martin Vlcek

The disposition effect is the observation that investors hold winning stocks too long and sell losing stocks too early. A standard explanation of the disposition effect refers to prospect theory and in particular to the asymmetric risk aversion according to which investors are risk averse when faced with gains and risk-seeking when faced with losses. We show that for reasonable parameter values...

2001
Andreas Zimmer Emmanuel Valjent Monika König Anne M. Zimmer Patricia Robledo Heidi Hahn Olga Valverde Rafael Maldonado

The involvement of dynorphin on -9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and morphine responses has been investigated by using mice with a targeted inactivation of the prodynorphin (Pdyn) gene. Dynorphin-deficient mice show specific changes in the behavioral effects of THC, including a reduction of spinal THC analgesia and the absence of THC-induced conditioned place aversion. In contrast, acute and chron...

Journal: :Behavioural brain research 2003
Harinder Aujla Richard J Beninger

In a previous study, intracerebroventricular calcium-dependent protein kinase (PKC) inhibition attenuated cocaine place conditioning. This suggested the hypothesis that intra-nucleus accumbens (NAc) injections of the PKC inhibitor NPC 15437 may block place conditioning produced by NAc injections of amphetamine. An unbiased conditioned place preference paradigm was employed to evaluate the prese...

2007
Martin L. Weitzman

Using climate change as a prototype motivating example, this paper analyzes the implications of structural uncertainty for the economics of catastrophes. The paper shows that having an uncertain multiplicative parameter, which ampli…es or scales exogenous impulses and is updated by Bayesian learning, induces a critical “tail fattening”of posterior-predictive distributions. Such fattened tails h...

Journal: :Games and Economic Behavior 2010
Theresa C. Fahrenberger Hans Gersbach

In this paper we propose minority voting as a scheme that can partially protect individuals from the risk of repeated exploitation. We consider a committee that meets twice to decide about projects where the first-period project may have a long-lasting impact. In the first period a simple open majority voting scheme takes place. Voting splits the committee into three groups: voting winners, vot...

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2014
Teruko Danjo Kenji Yoshimi Kazuo Funabiki Satoshi Yawata Shigetada Nakanishi

Dopamine (DA) transmission from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is critical for controlling both rewarding and aversive behaviors. The transient silencing of DA neurons is one of the responses to aversive stimuli, but its consequences and neural mechanisms regarding aversive responses and learning have largely remained elusive. Here, we report that optogenetic inactivation of VTA DA neurons pr...

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