Background: Studies have established placental weight ratio (PWR) as a relevant marker of fetal uteroplacental function which reflects whether the fetal and placental growth is proportionate. It decreases across gestation as the placental growth slows and fetal growth accelerates. Preeclampsia and preterm birth are both risk factors of small for gestational age (SGA) off springs with the smalle...

Inflammation during placental malaria (PM) is associated with low birth weight (LBW), especially during the first pregnancy, but the relative contribution of maternal or fetal factors that mediate this effect remains unclear and the role of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) has been controversial. We examined the relationship of maternal and cord plasma levels of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alp...

CONTEXT Human growth hormone receptor (GHR) transcripts have two isoforms, full-length (GHRfl) or exon 3 deleted (GHRd3). An association of these isoforms has been found with small for gestational age (SGA) infants but does not influence adult height. The role of this polymorphism in the birth size spectrum in the general population is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the association of matern...

OBJECTIVE Alteration of placental structure may influence fetal overgrowth and complications of maternal diabetes. We examined the placenta in a cohort of offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes (OT1DM) to assess structural changes and determine whether these were related to maternal A1C, fetal hematocrit, fetal hormonal, or metabolic axes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Placental samples were...

17 Inflammation during placental malaria (PM) is associated with low birth weight (LBW), 18 especially during first pregnancy, but the relative contribution of maternal or fetal factors 19 that mediate this effect remains unclear, and the role of IFN-γ has been controversial. We 20 examined the relationship of maternal and cord plasma levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, 21 ferritin and leptin to bir...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between proportionality of fetal and placental growth measured at birth and the risk for congenital cerebral palsy (CP). STUDY DESIGN We identified all live-born singletons born in Denmark between 1995 and 2003 and followed them from 1 year of age until December 31st, 2008. Information on four indices of fetal growth: ponderal index, head circumference...

We tested hypotheses that disproportionately large placental size and vascular lesions were associated with high systolic blood pressure (SBP); and these associations might be more evident with age. The sample included 13 273 of 40 666 full-term singletons in the Collaborative Perinatal Project. Placentas were examined by pathologists blinded of pregnancy courses and outcomes. The 4-month and 7...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of oxidative injury in affecting foetal and placental weights in mice by exposing them to tobacco smoke with or without supplementation with antioxidants. METHODS The randomized control trial of pregnant mice at day one of gestation was conducted at Anatomy Department CPSP Regional Center Islamabad, from March 2005 to October 2005. The mice were divided into ...

The human newborn is a reflection of the entirety of nutrients transferred from the maternal to the fetal circulation across the placenta during gestation. By extension, birth weight and newborn health depend on placental function. In this article, we quantify efficiency of the transport system in the human placenta and study its role played in the birth weight as well as the gestational age of...

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization recommends insecticidal bednets and intermittent preventive treatment to reduce malaria in pregnancy. Longitudinal data of malaria prevalence and pregnancy outcomes are valuable in gauging the impact of these antimalarial interventions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We recruited 8,131 women delivering in a single Malawian hospital over 9 years. We rec...