Layer 2 services (such as Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode, and Ethernet) can be "emulated" over an MPLS backbone by encapsulating the Layer 2 Protocol Data Units (PDU) and transmitting them over "pseudowires". It is also possible to use pseudowires to provide low-rate Time Division Multiplexed and a Synchronous Optical NETworking circuit emulation over an MPLS-enabled network. This docu...

Photonic band gaps in disordered two-dimensional photonic crystals are investigated for two typical types of randomness: cylinder site displacements ~site randomness! and cylinder radius variations ~size randomness!. The plane-wave expansion method with a supercell technique is applied to calculate the density-of-states ~DOS! for the disordered photonic crystals. In particular, numerical simula...

In this paper, the application of the Mode Matching (MM) method in the case of photonic crystal waveguide discontinuities is presented. The structure under consideration is divided into a number of cells, which supports a number of guided and evanescent modes. These modes can be calculated numerically by an alternative formulation of the plane wave expansion method for each frequency. A matrix ...

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We present a theoretical analysis of the gain characteristics of InGaN/AlGaN quantum dot (QD) lasers. We calculate the elastic strain distribution caused by the lattice mismatch between the QD and the barrier using an original method which takes into account the hexagonal symmetry of the structure’s elastic properties. The method is based on an analytical derivation of the Fourier transform of ...

Colloidal nanocrystals consist of an inorganic crystalline core with organic ligands bound to the surface and naturally self-assemble into periodic arrays known as superlattices. This periodic structure makes superlattices promising for phononic crystal applications. To explore this potential, we use plane wave expansion methods to model the phonon band structure. We find that the nanoscale per...

This paper shows that the plane wave expansion can be a useful tool in obtaining analytical solutions to infinite integrals over spherical Bessel functions and the derivation of identites for these functions. The integrals are often used in nuclear scattering calculations, where an analytical result can provide an insight into the reaction mechanism. A technique is developed whereby an integral...

We derive an integral expression for the plane-wave expansion of the time-varying (nonstationary) random field inside a mode-stirred reverberation chamber. It is shown that this expansion is a so-called oscillatory process, whose kernel can be expressed explicitly in closed form. The effect of nonstationarity is a modulation of the spectral density of the field on a time scale that is a functio...

Periodic composite ultrasonic transducers offer many advantages but the periodic pillar architecture can give rise to unwanted modes of vibration which interfere with the piston like motion of the fundamental thickness mode. In this paper, viscoelastic loss is incorporated into a three-dimensional plane wave expansion model (PWE) of these transducers. A comparison with experimental and finite e...

These lectures give an introduction to the novel duality relating type IIB string theory in a maximally supersymmetric plane-wave background to N = 4, d = 4, U(N) Super Yang-Mills theory in a particular large N and large R-charge limit due to Berenstein, Maldacena and Nastase. In the first part of these lectures the duality is derived from the AdS/CFT correspondence by taking a Penrose limit of...