The most exploited and widely used fungal biocontrol agents in agriculture for the management of plant diseases caused by a wide spectrum of fungal pathogens (Sharma et al., 2014). Trichoderma is among the most exploited fungal biocontrol agents in agriculture for the management of plant diseases caused by a wide spectrum of fungal pathogens (Mathivanan et al., 2000). Production of extracellula...

The rapid and sensitive identification of invasive plant pathogens has important applications in biotechnology, plant quarantine, and food security. Current methods are far too time-consuming and need a pre-enrichment period ranging from hours to days. Here, a micro-Raman spectroscopy-based bioassay for culture-free pathogen quarantine inspection at the single cell level within 40 min is presen...

Molecular factors enabling microbial pathogens to cause plant diseases have been sought with increasing efficacy over three research eras that successively introduced the tools of disease physiology, single-gene molecular genetics, and genomics. From this work emerged a unified model of the interactions of biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens, which posits that successful pathogens typically...

Chloroplasts are cytoplasmic organelles for photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. In addition, recent studies have shown that chloroplasts have a critical role in plant innate immunity against invading pathogens. Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic by-product from photosynthesis, which also functions as a signaling compound in plant innate immunity. Therefore, it is important to regulate the level of hy...

Naturally, simultaneous interactions occurred among plants, herbivores, and soil biota, that is, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), nematodes, and fungal pathogens. These multiple interactions play fundamental roles in driving process, structure, and functioning of ecosystems. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis with 144 papers to investigate the interactions between AMF and plant biot...

Plants can be infected by a variety of pathogens, most of which can cause severe economic losses. The plants resist the invasion of pathogens via the innate or acquired immune system for surviving biotic stress. The associations between plants and pathogens are sophisticated beyond imaging and the interactions between them can occur at a very early stage after their touching each other. A numbe...

Phytophthora is a genus of plant pathogens, many species of which live in water or soil. The name means “plant destroyer” in Greek. Phytophthora species are common pathogens in agricultural systems, especially in those where the crop is irrigated with surface or recycled water. In cranberry culture, the most troublesome species is P. cinnamomi, the cinnamon fungus. This pathogen causes a very c...

The antimicrobial activity of the mangrove plant extract of Sonneratia apetala on the various test microorganisms, including clinical multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and phytopathogens were investigated. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined by the well diffusion method. In vitro screening of S. apetala mangrove plant extracts of showed species specific activity in inh...

Plants respond to pathogens using an innate immune system that is broadly divided into PTI (pathogen-associated molecular pattern- or PAMP-triggered immunity) and ETI (effector-triggered immunity). PTI is activated upon perception of PAMPs, conserved motifs derived from pathogens, by surface membrane-anchored pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). To overcome this first line of defense, pathogen...