xylariaceous fungi are typically saprobes, but are also commonly isolated as endophytes and some species are pathogens. two species of lopadostoma (xylariaceae, xylariales) are reported for the first time from iran. l. dryophilum was found from dead branches of quercus sp. in east azerbaiejan and l. fagi from dead branches of fagus sp. in ardabil province. based on morphology and sequence data ...

background and objective: today, much attention is being paid to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. in some parts of the world, the rate of cardiovascular disease is low due to a mediterranean diet containing olive oil. this systematic review examined the verses and traditions in order to express opinions on olive and compare it with the findings of modern medicine. methods: this is a q...

background: constipation is physically and mentally troublesome for many patients and has adverse effects on their quality of life. the aim of the present study was to systematically review previous studies on the epidemiology of constipation in iran. methods: bibliographic databases including pubmed, google scholar, and iranian databases including scientific information database, iran medex, a...

Food and feed safety risk assessment uses multi-parameter models to evaluate the likelihood of adverse events associated with exposure to hazards in human health, plant health, animal health, animal welfare, and the environment. Systematic review and meta-analysis are established methods for answering questions in health care, and can be implemented to minimize biases in food and feed safety ri...

Saponins are a structurally diverse class of compounds occurring in many plant species, which are characterized by a skeleton derived of the 30-carbon precursor oxidosqualene to which glycosyl residues are attached. Traditionally, they are subdivided into triterpenoid and steroid glycosides, or into triterpenoid, spirostanol, and furostanol saponins. In this study, the structures of saponins ar...

Many plant breeding trials often include a large number of genotypes with possibly no repeated field plots. Ineffective control of field variation could result in an inflated residual variance and/or biased estimation/prediction of genetic effects. Three hundred thirty seven (337) multi-parental spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F2 hybrids were grown in two locations in South Dakota without r...

Although the consequences of the homogenization of Earth’s flora and fauna are not well understood, experts agree that biological invasions pose hazards to rare species. As a result, there is a need for a systematic approach to assess risks from invasive species. The Relative Risk Model can be adapted to assess combinations of rare species, invasive species, and regions. It also can be applied ...

The Comprehensive Phytopathogen Genomics Resource (CPGR) provides a web-based portal for plant pathologists and diagnosticians to view the genome and trancriptome sequence status of 806 bacterial, fungal, oomycete, nematode, viral and viroid plant pathogens. Tools are available to search and analyze annotated genome sequences of 74 bacterial, fungal and oomycete pathogens. Oomycete and fungal g...

Increasing plant density is one of the most efficient ways of increasing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain production. However, overly dense plant populations have an increased risk of lodging. We examined lignin deposition during wheat stem development and the regulatory effects of plant density using the wheat cultivars shannong23 and weimai8. Plants were cultivated at densities of 75, 225 a...