Sodium channels, found ubiquitously in animal muscle cells and neurons, are one of the main target sites of many naturally-occurring, insecticidal plant compounds and agricultural pesticides. Pyrethroids, derived from compounds found only in the Asteraceae, are particularly toxic to insects and have been successfully used as pesticides including on flowering crops that are visited by pollinator...

Abstract The current study has portrayed the synthetic mixtures of Themeda quadrivalvis using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS), combination green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) formed with macrolide antimicrobials. counter microbial effects were investigated various concentrates plant compounds, AgNPs, and macrolide-formed AgNPs against respiratory microorganisms. GCMS examination show...

There is a naturally occurring source of arsenic in the environment due to anthropogenic and geological processes (Zhao et al., 2010). It estimated that millions people around world, particularly South East Asia, have been poisoned by As polluted ground water food (Kile 2007, Zhu 2008; Pal 2009). increasing interest Phytoremediation, plant-based green method can be used clean up As-contaminated...

Plants are sessile, so have evolved sensitive ways to detect attacking herbivores and sophisticated strategies to effectively defend themselves. Insect herbivory induces synthesis of the phytohormone jasmonic acid which activates downstream metabolic pathways for various chemical defences such as toxins and digestion inhibitors. Insects are also sophisticated animals, and many have coevolved ph...

The mechanism of penetration of the toxic plant proteins abrin and ricin into Ehrlich ascites cells has been studied by measuring, under different experimental conditions, the lag occurring from the time the cells have been incubated with the toxins until protein synthesis in the cells is inhibited. When Ehrllch ascites cells were incubated with abrln or ricin at 37”, a lag time of at least 30 ...

Several genera of plant pathogenic fungi produce photoactivated perylenequinone toxins involved in pathogenesis of their hosts. These toxins are photosensitizers, absorbing light energy and generating reactive oxygen species that damage the membranes of the host cells. Studies with toxin-deficient mutants and on the involvement of light in symptom development have documented the importance of t...

The direct negative effects of invasive plant species on agriculture and biodiversity are well known, but their indirect effects on human health, and particularly their interactions with disease-transmitting vectors, remains poorly explored. This study sought to investigate the impact of the invasive Neotropical weed Parthenium hysterophorus and its toxins on the survival and energy reserves of...

SCOPE The Soybean (Glycine max) leghemoglobin c2 (LegHb) gene was introduced into Pichia pastoris yeast for sustainable production of a heme-carrying protein, for organoleptic use in plant-based meat. The potential allergenicity and toxicity of LegHb and 17 Pichia host-proteins each representing ≥1% of total protein in production batches are evaluated by literature review, bioinformatics sequen...