INTRODUCTION To evaluate the antinociceptive effect of mirtazapine and the mechanisms mediating this effect in neuropathic pain in rats with diabetes. METHODS The experiments were performed in Sprague Dawley rats using a hot-plate device. Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered to the rats after taking control measurements. Rats with a blood glucose level of 240 mg/dL or above in the blood spec...

OBJECTIVES Reduction of pharmacological effectiveness or tolerance appears following repeated administration of many analgesic drugs. We investigated tolerance to anti-nociceptive effects of orexin-A, an endogenous potent analgesic peptide using the hot-plate test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orexin-A was microinjected ICV (intracerebroventricular) with an interval of 12 hr for 7 continuous days an...

present study reports analgesic activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of leaves and seeds of trigonella foenum-graecum linn. (fabaceae) using hot plate method for evaluation of central analgesic activity and acetic acid induced writhing test for evaluation of peripheral analgesic activity in mice.   all the extracts of trigonella foenum-graecum showed si...

materials and methods stool specimens from a random population sample were examined with light microscope, using direct fecal smear, formalin-ether concentration, and nutrient agar plate culture. results the prevalence of s. stercoralis in this study was 0.07%. the statistical random sample in this study was 2839 people whose stool specimens were collected and examined using nutrient agar plate...

Numerous methods of management applied in order to obtain higher therapeutic efficacy of drugs with minimum adverse effects include taking advantage of interactions taking place between individual agents. Analgesics are combined with drugs belonging to other therapeutic groups, including, more and more frequently, antiepileptic agents. The influence of oxcarbazepine (10 mg/kg) on the antinocice...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of a new anatomical locking metal block plate by comparing the initial biomechanical stability of three different fixation constructs for open wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sawbones composite tibiae were used to make a 10-mm opening osteotomy model with uniplane technique. The osteotomy w...

In this work, a series of arylpiperazine derivatives were synthesized and screened by in vivo pharmacological trials. Among the tested compounds, 2-(4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1-phenylethanone (18) and 2-(4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1-phenylethanone (19) exhibited potent analgesic activities in both the mice writhing and mice hot plate tests. They showed more than 70...

We describe how we use models of mantle dynamics to understand and test the controls and effects of plate tectonics, such as ocean basin volume, magma production and the formation of natural resources. Numerical modeling and geological ground-truthing were incorporated to test the hypothesis that vertical motion of the Australian continental plate, as observed from sediments deposited during a ...

Marasmius androsaceus is a medicinal fungus mainly used to treat various forms of pain in China. This study investigated the analgesic effects of an ethanol extract of M. androsaceus (MAE) and its potential molecular mechanisms. Oral administration of MAE (50, 200, and 1000 mg/kg) had significant analgesic effects in an acid-induced writhing test, a formalin test, and a hot-plate test, with eff...

Morphine and tramadol which have analgesic effects can be administered acutely or chronically. This study tried to investigate the effect of these drugs at various times by using different methods of administration (intraperitoneal, oral, acute and chronic). Sixty adult female rats were divided into six groups. They received saline, morphine or tramadol (20 to 125 mg/kg) daily for 15 days. A ho...