Treatment of penetrating trauma to the neck is complex due to the vital structures involved. Early diagnosis of cervical injuries is essential, as any delay could lead to elevated morbidity and mortality. We present a case of a penetrating cervical wound with Horner syndrome and no associated vascular injury. The patient is a 28-year-old male, with no prior medical history of interest, who was ...

This review provides an update on the diagnosis and therapy of multiple system atrophy (MSA), a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder characterised clinically by any combination of parkinsonian, autonomic, cerebellar or pyramidal symptoms and signs and pathologically by cell loss, gliosis and glial cytoplasmic inclusions in several brain and spinal cord structures. The term MSA was introduced in ...

Bell palsy (also known as Bell’s palsy) is an acute, ipsilateral, facial nerve paralysis of unknown etiology that results in weakness of the platysma and muscles of facial expression. Bell palsy affects 11 to 40 persons per 100,000 each year, with peak incidence between the ages of 15 and 50 years and both sexes are affected equally. Pregnant women, persons with diabetes, the elderly, and patie...