introduction: breast conserving radiotherapy is one of the most common procedures performed in any radiation oncology department. a tangential parallel-opposed pair is usually used for this purpose. this technique is performed using 2d or 3d treatment planning systems. the aim of this study was to compare 2d treatment planning with 3d treatment planning in tangential irradiation in breast conse...

ABSTRACT: Numerical simulations using continuum mechanics and elasto-plasticity are often used in geotechnical design. Determination of collapse loads may be part of such simulations. However, non-associated flow rules applied to frictional materials normally provide lower collapse loads than stated by classical methods. Should we stick to the classical solutions for design or should we rather ...

Growing human population has caused the increase in the tempo of construction activity world wide.Since new techniques are either available or constantly emerging the sites which have been deemed unsuitable are being put to use for the construction of new and challenging structures. The foundations for the residential buildings in paddy fields and marshy land with water table near the ground le...

Rock masses are non-homogenous, discontinuous media composed of rock material and naturally occurring discontinuities such as joints, fractures bedding planes. Due to the presence geological faults planes, compressive strength modulus elasticity jointed mass significantly reduced measurement behaviour these below foundation becomes a challenging task. Previous researches have dealt with bearing...

The seepage and slope stability are very important and necessary in the dam dirt are, therefore, in this context, numerous applications to predict and calculate the rate of leakage has been prepared that than the experimental time and cost savings for the analysis of liquids before construction of earth dams need. In this study, safety factors for slope stability software Kaboodwal  plaxis two-...

Introduction . Various calculation methods, including empirical, analytical, and numerical ones, are used to assess the effect of undermining on base deformations force variations in structures existing projected pipelines. Empirical methods typically developed using an experimental analysis numerous results obtained during engineering geodetic observations settlements surface terrain shifts ar...

The evaluation and control of the trains induced vibrations needs even more attention in the case of underground tracks which passes near to monuments and historical sites. The rail corrugations which occur due to the wheels’ impulse loads during the operation period of underground railway tracks, usually amplify the ground borne noise and vibration. In the current study, the mentioned phenomen...