IIlite clay particles with adsorbed 137Cs were added as a submillimeter layer to the surface of stir-clay sediments contained in rectangular Plexiglas ceils stored in a temperature-regulated aquarium, in order to tmee the effect of the ollgochaete, Tubifex tubifex, and the amphipod, Pontoporeia hoyi, on mass redistribution near the sedimentwater interface. A well-collimated NaI gamma detector s...

Animals that are specialized for a particular habitat or mode of locomotion often demonstrate locomotor efficiency in a focal environment when compared to a generalist species. However, measurements of these focal habitats or behaviors are often difficult or impossible to do in the field. In this study, the energetics and kinematics of simulated tunnel locomotion by two unrelated semi-fossorial...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the pre-clinical efficacy and toxicity of polyherbal cough syrup Linkus. Method: Animals (healthy Wistar albino rats; (150 250 g) of either sex) were housed under standard environmental conditions; i.e. 25 ̊C ± 1 ̊C and 12 h dark/light cycle. Food and water were available at libitum. The rats were treated orally with the recommended doses of the ...

Internodal cells of Chara were separated with a Plexiglas divider into two segments and the vibrating probe was used to investigate the extracellular current profiles that formed along these two surfaces. Treating one segment of the Chara cell with K(+) concentrations greater than 2 millimolar caused a dramatic reduction in the extracellular current pattern in this compartment. Concentrations o...

An inexpensive, disposable microfluidic device was fabricated from a dry film photoresist using a combination of photolithographic and hot roll lamination techniques. A microfluidic flow pattern was prefabricated in a dry film photoresist tape using traditional photolithographic methods. This tape became bonded to a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sheet with prepouched holes when passed throug...

The shaped charge tandem warhead is an effective weapon against the ERA (explosive reactive armor). Whether the pre-warhead can reliably initiate the ERA directly determines the entire performance of the tandem warhead. The existing shaped charge pre-warhead mostly adopts a metal shaped jet, which effectively initiates the ERA, but interferes the main shaped jet. This article, on the other hand...

An analytical model is presented for structure-borne sound transmission at a bolted junction in a rib-stiffened plate structure. The model is based on the wave approach for junctions of semi-infinite plates and calculates coupling loss factors required by statistical energy analysis. The stiffening rib is modeled as a plate strip and the junction is represented by an elastic interlayer with a s...

Introduction: It has been shown that orexin peptides have a role in opioid withdrawal behaviors. Orexin-expressing neurons that are present in the hypothalamic nuclei send dense projections to the Locus Coeruleus (LC). Withdrawal syndrome is temporally associated with hyperactivity of LC neurons. However, LC neurons do not show withdrawalinduced hyperactivity in the brain slices from morphine-d...

A series of experiments and related numerical simulations were carried out to study one-dimensional water redistribution processes in an unsaturated soil. A long horizontal Plexiglas box was packed as homogenously as possible with sand. The sandbox was divided into two sections using a very thin metal plate, with one section initially fully saturated and the other section only partially saturat...

What are the mechanisms that prevent partners from cheating in potentially cooperative interactions between unrelated individuals? The cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus and client reef fish both benefit from an interaction as long as the cleaner eats ectoparasites. However, the cleaner fish prefers some client mucus, which constitutes cheating. Field observations suggested that clients control ...