—For positioning with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in urban canyon area, besides the weak signal power, the satellite signal may also be frequently sheltered and no power can be received. It is a great challenge for the GNSS receiver to keep positioning continuously. If the tracking loop in GNSS receivers can recover locking the signal soon after the signal appears again, it will ...

In vivo receptor-mediated targeting of plasmid DNA to hepatocytes was achieved through optimizing the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of a plasmid DNA/carrier complex. Galactosylated poly(L-lysine) (Gal-PLL) was synthesized using PLL with a molecular weight of 1,800, 13,000 or 29,000 without loss of the cationic charge. Plasmid DNA encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was c...

B- and T-cell subtypes of prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) are rare, aggressive lymphoid malignancies with characteristic morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular features. Prognosis for these patients remains poor, with short survival times and no curative therapy. The advent of mAbs has improved treatment options. In B-PLL, rituximab-based combination chemoimmunotherapy is effec...

In the phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer which is used in a higher frequency region, the prescaler method is employed in order to increase the operating frequency of the programmable divider. However, since the fixed divider whose division ratio is same as the prescaler is installed at the following stage of the reference divider, the reference frequency is decreased and the perform...

DNA can be condensed with an excess of poly-cations in aqueous solutions forming stable particles of submicron size with positive surface charge. This charge surplus can be used to deposit alternating layers of polyanions and polycations on the surface surrounding the core of condensed DNA. Using poly-L-lysine (PLL) and succinylated PLL (SPLL) as polycation and polyanion, respectively, we demon...

A polyelectrolyte nanoparticle composed of PEG-PLL(-g-Ce6, DMA)-PLA was developed for nanomedicinal application in photodynamic therapy. These nanoparticles formed stable aggregates through the hydrophobic interaction of poly(lactic acid) and demonstrated pH-dependent behaviors such as surface charge conversion and enhanced cellular uptake at acidic pH, resulting in improved phototoxicity. In v...

In this paper, a comparative study of noise on different components of the phase look loop (PLL) is described. Noise effect the all the components of the phase lock loop such as loop filter characteristics, phase-frequency detector, and phase noise of the open-loop voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). All the components of PLL contribute to the noise of the system. We present the different appr...

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to introduce the Dynamic Phasor Modelling (DPM) approach for stability investigation and control design of single-phase Phase Locked Loops PLLs. The aim is to identify the system instabilities not predicted using the existent analysis and design methods based on the simplified average model approach. Design/methodology/approach – This paper starts by invest...

Superficial mechanosensory organs (neuromasts) distributed over the head and body of fishes and amphibians form the "lateral line" system. During zebrafish adulthood, each neuromast of the body (posterior lateral line system, or PLL) produces "accessory" neuromasts that remain tightly clustered, thereby increasing the total number of PLL neuromasts by a factor of more than 10. This expansion is...