Since rock fracture is a key property for different rock engineering applications, rock fracture measurement is often carried out in classifying the rock mass. Most geo-mechanics models (e.g. finite element) are of the equivalent continuum type in which fractures are represented not individually, but by their influence on a large element of the rock mass. Elastic modulus, for example, is obtain...

Most empirical and numerical approaches to design in rock mechanics incorporate rock mass classification. Numerical design methods generally use classification values to calculate input parameters for stress-based failure criteria. Empirical methods use classification to allow comparisons between similar rock mass conditions, generally based on a graphical design technique that differentiates s...

To improve capture efficacy of rock doves (Columba livia) in nuisance situations, we reevaluated the effectiveness of three dosages (60, 120 and 180 mg/kg) of alpha-chloralose (AC). Responses to immobilization using 180 mg/kg AC also were compared in rock doves deprived of food for 16 hr and not food deprived. Mean (+/- SE) time to first effects (33 +/- 2 min) and mean time to capture (94 +/- 5...

Abstract U–Pb age spectra of detrital zircons related to the East European Platform could be traced in paragneiss through whole Mid-German-Crystalline Zone (Variscides, Central Europe) from Odenwald via Spessart Ruhla crystalline forming an exotic unit between Armorica and Laurussia. The depositional ages are defined by youngest oldest intrusion as Ordovician Silurian. Ediacaran dominated spect...

The Marivan granitoid body of the northern Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (N-SaSZ) northwest Iran was emplaced into Cretaceous sediments, and is associated with minor amounts iron skarn-type mineralization along contact between intrusion surrounding country rocks. granitoids within include (hornblende-rich) diorite, granodiorite, granite phases, zircon U–Pb dating four samples from this indicate they wer...

The composition of the intrusive gabbroic lower oceanic crust remains poorly characterized in comparison to extrusive portion crust, especially for intermediate-fast spreading mid-ocean ridges. This is a consequence limited exposures extant or ophiolites similar ridge crust. One best analogues southern Samail ophiolite that formed during period rapid seafloor above nascent subduction zone. Here...

the first step in mining activities is rock excavation in both mine development and production. constant pressure for cost reduction and creating an improved/safe work environment for personnel has naturally resulted in increased use of mechanical excavation systems in many mining operations. also, mechanical excavation and mining is more compatible with automation, meaning possibility of reduc...

Abstract Porphyry Cu ore deposits are a rare product of arc magmatism that often form spatiotemporal clusters in magmatic arcs. The petrogenetic evolution igneous rocks cover the temporal window prior to and during porphyry deposit formation may provide critical insights into processes key generating these systems. This study documents Palaeocene–Eocene Yarabamba Batholith, Southern Peru, was i...

Abstract Late Mesozoic volcanic rocks comprising mainly basalt and basaltic-andesite to dacite occur in south-central Vietnam (Dalat zone) a lesser extent southwestern (Bay Nui area). Mineral whole-rock chemistry indicate calc-alkaline affinity for samples the Dalat zone high-K shoshonitic Bay area. characteristics variation diagrams of selected elements suggest that fractional crystallization ...

Abstract Although it is widely accepted that large silicic calderas are associated with voluminous synvolcanic intrusive complexes at depth, geological evidence for caldera-forming eruptions preserved in plutonic rocks has largely been elusive. Here, we document a rare example of such the Cadillac Mountain complex, Maine (USA), where erosion revealed remarkable marginal “shatter zone” records m...