Primary pneumatization of the frontal bone occurs in first year life, but further continues until 18 years age. Elongation ethmoidal infundibulum and recess, or upwards migration anterior cells has been proposed as a mechanism sinus development. The drainage pathway is displaced posterior direction depending on pattern frontoethmoidal cells. Also, sinuses can be connected to directly middle mea...

various dimensions of the human vestibular aqueduct were evaluated in two groups, patient and control, and these measurements were compared. both groups were examined clinically, followed by audiometric evaluation and temporal bone high resolution ct scan. it was found that in approximately one third of the patient group (with idiopathic snhl), the vestibular aqueduct was 1.5 mm or larger. also...