Support for updates to views of database schemata is typically very limited; only those changes which can be represented entirely within the view, or changes which involve only generic changes outside of the view, are permitted. In this work, a different point of view towards the viewupdate problem is taken. If a proposed update cannot be performed within the view, then rather than rejecting it...

the philosophy of kalam science is an external view about kalam that focuses on conceptual and confirmative principles like: definition, subject, the origins of emanation, approaches, historical stages, and other general criteria. from martyr motahharii’s point of view the function of kalam, as a completely islamic knowledge is the clarification of islamic proofs and defense of religious misgiv...

avicenna has presented some divisions of happiness: at the first he defines it as favorite thing per se (intrinsically), and goal in itself. he divides also happiness in one respect into two kinds; the first one is happiness in relation to different powers of soul, and the other is happiness in relation to soul itself. from the other viewpoint he divides happiness into bodily and spiritual and ...

allamah tabatabai interprets the doctrine of attributive monotheism of god under the philosophical theory of the identity of god’s perfection attributes with his essence. because, in his view point, it is the only rational way for explanation of attributive monotheism. according to this theory, all divine perfection attributes are identical with each other and with god’s nature in external worl...

many poets have somewhat dealt with the concept of feminity in their poems, and some only have alluded to it. their attitude and their viewpoint towards woman is influenced by the popular viewpoint dominating their society as well as their own personal experiences. marouf abdolqani rasafi discussed nearly all aspects of women's social problems. he was aware of such problems and tried his b...

one of the important issues in daily affairs of human life is easement,when onesees other people'sneeds and helps them to solve their problems. there is no general evidence to justify easement that five-sect jurisprudents cite. there arenot specific verses about easement rights in the qur'an; but,we can mentioncommon rights between neighbors and granting benefits to him as implied int...

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in this article, author has tried, based on a comparsion between meaning of classification with meaning of inequality, to reach a particular definition of classification which elements such as social ineguality could be recognized within it. although, at the first glance, ineguality could be seen as a natural phnenomenon, or as a genetice one, studies have proved that classification in societie...

background: euthanasia is an important subject that concerns law and medicine as well as morality and religion in the 21st century. euthanasia has become a challengeable problem in scientific arena. in some countries,  legal and medical practitioners are allowed to kill those cancer patients who suffer from excessive pain while incur enormous amount of expenses for their treatments. methods: we...