‎We consider four-dimensional lie groups equipped with‎ ‎left-invariant Lorentzian Einstein metrics‎, ‎and determine the harmonicity properties ‎of vector fields on these spaces‎. ‎In some cases‎, ‎all these vector fields are critical points for the energy functional ‎restricted to vector fields‎. ‎We also classify vector fields defining harmonic maps‎, ‎and calculate explicitly the energy of t...

although in most of the rural development plans, relocation of informal settlements is oftenconsidered as an efficient solution to increase safety of rural communities against natural and man-made disasters,such as, earthquakes, fire hazards, floods, etc. an evaluation of recent experiences in the relocation projects show thatthe relocated community is often unsatisfied with the new residential...

Critical end points and tricritical are multicritical that separate lines of continuous transitions from first order in the phase diagram many systems. In models like spin-1 disordered Blume–Capel model repulsive Blume–Emery–Griffiths model, point splits into a critical bicritical with an increase disorder coupling strength respectively. to make distinction between these two points, we investig...

A major theme within the literature on rural development is that the particular mix of formal and informal institutions present in any situation is a key determinant of development outcomes. However, there is some evidence that in policy and practice there are considerable difficulties in articulating formal organizational realities with the rules and norms embedded in informally constructed so...

A major theme within the literature on rural development is that the particular mix of formal and informal institutions present in any situation is a key determinant of development outcomes. However, there is some evidence that in policy and practice there are considerable difficulties in articulating formal organizational realities with the rules and norms embedded in informally constructed so...

Uncovering DNA sequence variations that correlate with phenotypic changes, e.g., diseases, is the aim of sequence variation studies. Common types sequence variations are Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, pronounced snip).SNPs are the third-generation molecular marker. SNP represents a DNA sequence variant of a single base pair with the minor allele occurring in more than 1% of a given popula...