Many cells undergo symmetry-breaking polarization toward a randomly oriented "front" in the absence of spatial cues. In budding yeast, such polarization involves a positive feedback loop that enables amplification of stochastically arising clusters of polarity factors. Previous mathematical modeling suggested that, if more than one cluster were amplified, the clusters would compete for limiting...

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used extensively for the study of cell polarity, owing to both its experimental tractability and the high conservation of cell polarity and other basic biological processes among eukaryotes. The budding yeast has also served as a pioneer model organism for virtually all genome-scale approaches, including functional genomics, which aims to defi...

Dendritic growth in fungi and neurons requires that multiple axes of polarity are established and maintained within the same cytoplasm. We have discovered that transcripts encoding key polarity factors including a formin, Bni1, and a polarisome scaffold, Spa2, are nonrandomly clustered in the cytosol to initiate and maintain sites of polarized growth in the fungus Ashbya gossypii. This asymmetr...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of stimulus polarity on speech evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR). In order to accomplish it, speech evoked ABR was recorded with various stimulus polarities from 17 normally hearing adults. The result of the study shows differential effect of stimulus polarity on components of speech evoked ABR. Latency of peaks for onset, sustai...

Cell polarity is crucial for many functions including cell migration, tissue organization and asymmetric cell division. In animal cells, cell polarity is controlled by the highly conserved PAR (PARtitioning defective) proteins. par genes have been identified in Caenorhabditis elegans in screens for maternal lethal mutations that disrupt cytoplasmic partitioning and asymmetric division. Although...

Tissue polarity in Drosophila is regulated by a number of genes that are thought to function in a complex, many of which interact genetically and/or physically, co-localize, and require other tissue polarity proteins for their localization. We report the enhancement of the strabismus tissue polarity phenotype by mutations in two other tissue polarity genes, flamingo and prickle. Flamingo is aut...

This paper focuses on the task of collocation polarity disambiguation. The collocation refers to a binary tuple of a polarity word and a target (such as ⟨long, battery life⟩ or ⟨long, startup⟩), in which the sentiment orientation of the polarity word (“long”) changes along with different targets (“battery life” or “startup”). To disambiguate a collocation’s polarity, previous work always turned...

Failure in establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity contributes to tumorigenesis. Loss of expression and function of cell polarity proteins is directly related to epithelial cell polarity maintenance. The polarity protein discs large homolog 5 (DLG5) belongs to a family of molecular scaffolding proteins called Membrane Associated Guanylate Kinases (MAGUKs). As the other family ...

This paper presents three electronic collections of polarity items: (i) negative polarity items in Romanian, (ii) negative polarity items in German, and (iii) positive polarity items in German. The presented collections are a part of a linguistic resource on lexical units with highly idiosyncratic occurrence patterns. The motivation for collecting and documenting polarity items was to provide a...

In this paper we propose a method for optimization of fixed polarity arithmetic expressions (FPAEs) based on dual polarity. The method exploits a simple relationship between two FPAEs for dual polarities. It starts from the zero polarity FPAE of the given function and calculates all FPAEs using dual polarity route. Conversion from one FPAE to another one is carried out using one-bit checking i....