Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is efficacious against paralytic disease, but its effect on mucosal immunity is debated. We assessed the efficacy of IPV in boosting mucosal immunity. Participants received IPV, bivalent 1 and 3 oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV), or no vaccine. A bOPV challenge was administered 4 weeks later, and excretion was assessed 3, 7, and 14 days later. Nine hundred and ...

BACKGROUND Immunodeficient persons with persistent vaccine-related poliovirus infection may serve as a potential reservoir for reintroduction of polioviruses after wild poliovirus eradication, posing a risk of their further circulation in inadequately immunized populations. METHODS To estimate the potential for vaccine-related poliovirus persistence among HIV-infected persons, we studied poli...

Four ethnic groups of children from the Glasgow area--155 Asians, 85 Africans, 85 Chinese, and 93 Scots--were examined for neutralising to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3. Only seven of the 418 children had no detectable antibody, and of these, four were aged less than 7 months; none had received polio vaccine. The best-protected children were the Chinese (93% with antibody to all three poliovirus...

During infection, poliovirus binds to its receptor and undergoes conformational changes that ultimately result in release of the genomic RNA into the cell. The details of this process are poorly understood. Tuthill et al. (p. 172–180) report the development of a simple model system in which liposomes containing NTA head groups are used to capture His-tagged ectodomains of the poliovirus recepto...

Movement of poliovirus I (Chat) through nonsterile core samples of a sandy forest soil was monitored, using several regimens of loading with either dechlorinated final effluent from an operating activated sludge treatment plant or distilled water. Stimulated cycles of rainfall and effluent applications, resulting in ionic gradients, were shown to affect virus movement. Such studies indicate tha...

With the disappearance of circulating wild poliovirus and improved sanitation, protective antibody levels may wane over time following oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) administration. This study evaluated the seroprevalence of neutralising antibodies to vaccine polioviruses among young Indian women who had received at least three doses of OPV as primary immunisation. Of 60 women studied, 27 (45%) ...

INTRODUCTION: The poliovirus is a nonenveloped plus-strand RNA virus belonging to Picornaviridae, and is the causative pathogen of paralytic poliomyelitis. The selective targeting of motor neurons by poliovirus is most likely determined by the distribution of its cellular receptor, the Ig superfamily molecule CD155 (also known as poliovirus receptor: PVR). Recently, a number of reports have ind...

This report describes a rapid method of detection of poliovirus from viral isolates of clinical specimens using a single set of primers selected from the conserved 5' noncoding region of the poliovirus genome. Of the 144 clinical viral isolates examined, 81 were positive for polioviruses and 50 were positive for nonpoliovirus enteroviruses by tissue culture neutralization and infectivity. All 8...

The development of a transgenic mouse model carrying the human poliovirus receptor has made it possible to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the viral dissemination process in a whole organism. Studies on this have provided an insight into the mechanisms for viral permeation through the blood-brain barrier and retrograde axonal transport of the virus. In addition, strain-specific neurovir...

BACKGROUND Prior analyses demonstrated the need for some countries and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) to conduct additional supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) prior to globally-coordinated cessation of all serotype 2-containing OPV (OPV2 cessation) to prevent the creation of serotype 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus ...