background: every year many organizations formulate a code of ethics (coe) but when it comes to implementing, it does not achieve the desired purposes. ineffectiveness of coes can stem from different factors and surely, one of them is bad formulation. this research was conducted to identify the barriers to effective formulation of coes in one of the main state universities of medical sciences i...

Rigorous application of a simple definition of what constitutes opposition to agricultural biotechnology readily encompasses a wide array of key players in national and international systems of food production, distribution and governance. Even though the sum of political and financial benefits of opposing agricultural biotechnology appears vastly to outweigh the benefits which accrue to provid...

High-speed software development uses a number of techniques to move software quickly into production. Examples of these techniques include prototyping for fast requirement definition, releaseoriented project management for scope control, and parallel development for rapid product completion and quality control. These techniques are spreading rapidly among software developers worldwide. Using th...

Communication is essential to preventing terrorists from achieving their objectives. Effective communication can reduce terrorists' chances of mounting successful operations, creating threats that disrupt everyday life, and undermining the legitimacy of the societies that they attack. Psychological research has essential roles to play in that communication, identifying the public's information ...

To translate scientific discovery into improved health, we must study health care itself; i.e., how people access health care, costs or other barriers to the provision of good care, and what happens to patients as a result of this care. Health services research (HSR) is the interdisciplinary field that studies health care and its effects. This paper reviews different types of HSR and highlights...

Trade misinvoicing should be seen as an element of de facto capital account openness. Traditional explanations for trade misinvoicing—high custom duties and weak domestic economies—are less persuasive in a world of high growth emerging markets that have low trade barriers. We construct a 53-country data set over a 26 year span, covering both industrialized and developing countries, to study the...

Objective:Privatization is considered as one of the most important components of new public management with its pros and cons. However, privatization has been accepted and implemented as a policy in the whole political and economic system of Iran, but the barriers and dysfunctions of privatization policy implementation has reduced its effectiveness and efficiency in solving the problems of the ...

The expansion of green infrastructure through vertical forms greenery is an innovative way to address urban sustainability challenges. Despite various social, economic, and environmental benefits, however, facade greening rarely implemented. This article examines barriers solutions for the implementation facades a systematic literature review participatory case study Leipzig, Germany. We found ...

Alternative broadband infrastructures are emerging and developing fast. These networks are based on different technologies and offer assorted services, applied through various organizational structures, using diverse business models. Due to their alternative nature, these emerging infrastructures operate on other premises than existing operators and face different potentials and challenges in t...