One of the major conflicts between the principles of democratic politics and the practical reality of expertise in public decision making takes place in connection with responsibility. The basic principles of democracy include some notion of political responsibility, usually understood to take a bi-directional form, in which the relation between ruler and ruled takes the form of representation ...

"In this paper decision making on public pensions in a representative democracy is modeled within the framework of the well-known two-overlapping-generations (OLG) general-equilibrium model with rational expectations. The model is used to analyze the effects of aging on the economy in general and on the evolution of public pension schemes in particular, where aging is interpreted as a combinati...

Twitter should be an ideal place to get a fresh read on how different issues are playing with the public, one that’s potentially more reflective of democracy in this new media age than traditional polls. Pollsters typically ask people a fixed set of questions, while in social media people use their own voices to speak about whatever is on their minds. However, the demographic distribution of us...

IntRoDuCtIon theorists of democracy routinely assert that party systems perform a series of vital functions for representative governance. If that is the case, " third wave " democracies—those born through the spread of representative institutions to new countries and regions since the mid-1970s (Huntington 1991)—would appear to be in serious trouble, as many are characterized by weak, volatile...

Political socialization is the process by which the transition of political cultures takes place from one generation to another.In the other words political socialization is continuous in whole of life, in which political personality of people is formed. Many factors affect people political socialization that some of them are; Family, Mass Media, School and Peer Groups. This research represents...

In the last three decades republicanism has been one of most predilected objects research for diverse and qualified political philosophers. After several papers books published on matter, it clear analysts that there are different normative conceptions, representative, participatory radical, from which to define very concept. this paper we assume both an exploratory critical theoretical aim. Ou...

Political parties are in a phase of transition in advanced industrial democracy. A declining, socially restricted membership, decreasing levels of activism, and a shift towards more individualistic modes of political engagement threaten the secular role the party have played in modern democracy. The development of the Internet in a period of organisational change for parties has meant that it q...

Little is known about the impact of traumatic experiences and stressful life conditions on people in low-income countries who live in conditions of ongoing political violence. In order to determine the prevalence and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression (MD) among Palestinians subjected to chronic political violence and upheaval, we used a stratified multi-st...

" We have spoken to many people in this country [X], and they have all described themselves in different ways. Some people describe themselves in terms of their language, religion, and race, and others describe themselves in economic terms, such as working class, middle class, or farmer. Besides being [a citizen of X], which specific group do you feel you belong to first and foremost? " 1 What ...