Oxygenation in tissue scaffolds continues to be a limiting factor in regenerative medicine despite efforts to induce neovascularization or to use oxygen-generating materials. Unfortunately, many established methods to measure oxygen concentration, such as using electrodes, require mechanical disturbance of the tissue structure. To address the need for scaffold-based oxygen concentration monitor...

Due to the high cost and environment issues in the production of carbon fiber from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and pitch, the use of low cost bio-renewable materials are of great interest as an alternative precursor. Lignin is a highly aromatic biopolymer, extracted as a byproduct of wood pulping and has been investigated as a suitable precursor for carbon fibers. In the present work, we have demon...