foodborne pathogens comprise microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and parasites that can be transmitted by food and affect public health worldwide. the most common viruses transmitted via food are hepatitis a virus and norwalk-like caliciviruses. also, the most common bacteria involved in foodborne illnesses are campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, salmonella spp, escherichia coli...

purpose: to compare the value of conventional laboratory methods and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the diagnosis of fungal keratitis. methods: this cross sectional study was conducted at khalili hospital, shiraz, iran. samples were taken from thirty-eight patients with findings suspicious for fungal keratitis. corneal scrapings were used for gram, giemsa and koh stains, culture and pcr ana...

53 persons suspected to alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency detection (aatd) were investigated for zz, mz, zs, ss, and ms alleles analysis by serum protein electrophoresis (spe), measurement of trypsin inhibiting capacity (tic), isoelectric focusing (ief), polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and ief/pcr-rflp techniques. the result clearly shows by using spe and tic techniques only 35.85 % and 50.08% of ...

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) can be transmitted by aphids and consists of at least six integral components (DNA-R, -U3, -S, -M, -C, and -N). Several additional replication-competent components (additional Reps) are associated with some BBTV isolates. A collected BBTV strain (TW3) that causes mild symptoms was selected to study the processes in BBTV evolution. Southern blot hybridization, poly...

........................................................................................................................................... IX 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................

The methylation status of p15(INK4b) (MTS2), p16(INK4a) (MTS1) and p14(ARF) (p16beta) was analyzed in 56 lymphomas by restriction-enzyme related polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (REP), methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS). Methylation of the p15 and p16 genes was detected, respectively, in 64% and 32% of the B-cell lymphomas, in 44% and 22% of the T-cell lymphom...

Avian chlamydiosis is caused by Chlamydiophila psittaci with the highest infection rate in parrots (Psittacidae) and pigeons (Columbiformes). A two-year-old Congo African grey parrot was examined since the bird had shown clinical signs of anorexia, depression, diarrhea, and mild dyspnea and based on biochemical and hemathological analysis the bird was diagnosed as having anemia, leukocytosis, h...