THE use of corneal grafting has increased considerably in the last 15 years and it was therefore thought of interest to survey the frequency of infection and the bacterial strains found post mortem in the conjunctival sac and on the cornea in eyes suitable for use as donor eyes. We have also investigated the possibility of reducing the frequency of infection by pre-treatment with antibiotics. T...

The human genitourinary tract is a common anatomical niche for polymicrobial infection and a leading site for the development of bacteremia and sepsis. Most uncomplicated, community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) are caused by Escherichia coli, while another bacterium, Proteus mirabilis, is more often associated with complicated UTI. Here, we report that uropathogenic E. coli and P. mi...

The innate immune system uses Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to activate and instruct immune responses against microbial pathogens. Administration of TLR agonists to mice induces a state of hyporesponsiveness, or tolerance, characterized by reduced cytokine production upon subsequent second challenge. The present study examined the effects of pre-treatment of mice with TLR2-dependent stimuli on the...

BACKGROUND Contaminated traumatic open orthopedic wounds are frequently complicated by polymicrobial contamination and infection. In high-risk wounds, the standard of care comprises debridement and irrigation combined with antibiotics which can be applied directly or combined with systemic antibiotics. Recently, bioabsorbable chitosan sponges have been shown to be an effective single-agent deli...

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the most common serious infections of nonpregnant women of reproductive age. Management of PID is directed at containment of infection. Goals of therapy include the resolution of clinical symptoms and signs, the eradication of pathogens from the genital tract and the prevention of sequelae including infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pa...

The epidemiology and bacteriology of urinary tract infection (UTI) varies across the human lifespan, but the reasons for these differences are poorly understood. Using established monomicrobial and polymicrobial murine UTI models caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and/or Group B Streptococcus (GBS), we demonstrate age and parity as inter-related factors contributing to UTI suscepti...

INTRODUCTION Polymicrobial endocarditis is a well-recognized problem in intravenous drug users and it accounts for 1 to 3% of endocarditis cases overall and up to 9% in other series. The most common combinations of organisms include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Candida parapsilosis endocarditis carries a mortali...

Abstract Background Periprosthetic joint infection is a serious complication after total arthroplasty and polymicrobial PJI which compose subtype of often indicate worse outcomes compared to monomicrobial periprosthetic infection. However, literature review suggested that there were limited number studies evaluating the risk factors PJI. Materials methods Between 2015 January 2019 December, 64 ...

In individuals with polymicrobial infections, microbes often display synergistic interactions that can enhance their colonization, virulence, or persistence. One of the most prevalent types of polymicrobial infection occurs in chronic wounds, where Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the two most common causes. Although they are the most commonly associated microbial species in...