OBJECTIVE To characterize various dysgraphic symptoms in parietal agraphia. METHOD We examined the writing impairments of four dysgraphia patients from parietal lobe lesions using a special writing test with 100 character kanji (Japanese morphograms) and their kana (Japanese phonetic writing) transcriptions, and related the test performance to a lesion site. RESULTS Patients 1 and 2 had pos...

Graphics recognition for raster-based input discovers primitives such as lines, arrowheads, and circles. This paper focuses on graphics recognition of figures in vector-based PDF documents. The first stage consists of extracting the graphic and text primitives corresponding to figures. An interpreter was constructed to translate PDF content into a set of self-contained graphics and text objects...

One general issue in the domain of visual word recognition is to delineate the nature of readers' knowledge of the print-sound mapping. A more specific question is to determine whether multiple grapheme-phoneme associations are available and activated during the phonological transcoding of a letter string. Evidence for the activation of irregular associations during print-to-sound transcoding, ...

Automatic methods for grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) and phoneme-to-grapheme (P2G) conversion have become very popular in recent years. Their performance has improved considerably, while at the same time these developments required less input from expert lexicographers. Continuing in this tradition we will present in this paper a data-driven, language-independent approach called MASSIVE with which i...

In this contribution it is shown that a good approach for the grapheme-to-phoneme conversion of proper names (e.g. person names, toponyms, etc), is to use a cascade of a general purpose grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) converter and a special purpose phoneme-to-phoneme (P2P) converter. The G2P produces an initial transcription that is then transformed by the P2P. The latter is automatically trained on...

This paper presents an approach for the generation and selection of pronunciation transcriptions for a exible word recognizer. The basic idea is to produce pronunciation variants and corresponding scores with a set of pronunciation variation rules, which are weighted with their frequencies of occurence measured on the training data. This approach addresses the problem of interfering transcripti...

Visual information from the lips and face is an integral part of speech perception. In addition, orthography can play a role in disambiguating the speech signal in foreign/second language (L2) perception and production. The current study investigates the effect of auditory and visual speech information and orthographic depth, the degree to which a language is transparent (high phoneme-grapheme ...

We examined acquisition of grapheme-phoneme correspondences by 4 deaf and hard-of-hearing preschoolers using instruction from a curriculum designed specifically for this population supplemented by Visual Phonics. Learning was documented through a multiple baseline across content design as well as descriptive analyses. Preschoolers who used sign language and had average to low-average receptive ...

Languages vary in the grain size used to map orthography onto phonology, but the use of different grain sizes varies also within a language. A core question is what kind of information the reading system is using to map orthography onto phonology. A unit that has received particular attention in recent years is the grapheme. Graphemes are defined as written representations of phonemes, and they...

This paper describes a novel approach for grapheme to phoneme conversion using decision tree learning technique. The proposed approach, unlike the rule based approach, can generate rules spanning wider context and thus give better accuracy for the conversion.