Studies were conducted on the enhancement of pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis by 1% boric acid against various species of termites. The increase in virulence of Serratia marcescens by 1% Potassium chloride or 1% Sodium citrate against the workers of M. championi has also been established. The increase in virulence is confirmed by the enhancement ratios, which are ranging from about 1.5 t...

Intracellular recordings were made from rat locus coeruleus neurons in vitro, and membrane currents were measured at potentials from -50 to -130 mV. In the absence of any applied agonists, the slope conductance of the cells increased 3-fold when the cell was hyperpolarized from -60 to -120 mV. This conductance increase was complete within 5 msec of the onset of a hyperpolarizing command and was...

the present study was designed to investigate the diuretic activity of Musa sapientum l. (familyMusaceae) flowers. The dried powder of the flower was subjected to Soxhlet extraction with alcohol and this extract was used for diuretic activity in Wistar albino rats using lipschitz method. the diuretic activity was assessed in terms of urine output and, concentration of Sodium, Potassium and Chlo...

Infiltration and defiltration behaviors of liquids modified by potassium chloride and ethylene glycol in a nanoporous silica are investigated through a high-pressure experiment. At the first loading, infiltration can always take place quite smoothly no matter how viscous the liquid is. The infiltration pressure can be well described by linear superposition of the contributions of liquid compone...

As potassium, chloride and water traverse cell membranes, the cells of stenohaline marine invertebrates should swell if exposed to sea water mixed with an isosmotic KCl solution as they do when exposed to sea water diluted with water. To test this hypothesis respiratory tree fragments of the holothurian Isostichopus badionotus were exposed to five isosmotic media prepared by mixing artificial s...

The combination of an increased serum total co2 content and lowered levels of serum chloride may result from a primary retention of co2 as in cardiopulmonary disease with a secondary lowering of the chloride level, referred to as respiratory acidosis, or it may represent one of the two forms of metabolic alkalosis, i.e., the hypochloremic type stemming from losses of extracellular chloride rath...

The losses of sodium, potassium, chloride, nitrogen, and water following the administration of diuretin to rabbits over 5 to 9 day periods together with the changes in serum concentrations of sodium, chloride, N. P. N., and total protein occurring simultaneously with these losses are described. The circumstances responsible for the presence of azotemia in the animals were investigated in partic...

Abstract Aim A recent change to electronic fluid prescribing has enabled us evaluate our adherence recommendations. NICE clinical guideline 174 states that patients should receive 25-30ml/kg/day water and 1mmol/kg/day of sodium, potassium, chloride with regards maintenance therapy. We retrospectively audited practice in surgical patients. Method Patients were selected from two inpatient wards a...

The present studies examined the effect of acute in vitro acidosis on chloride reabsorption in the rabbit cortical thick ascending limb of Henle (cTALH). Four protocols were used: hypercapnic acidosis; "isocapnic" peritubular acidosis (bath bicarbonate reduction to 10 mM); isocapnic luminal acidosis (luminal bicarbonate reduction to 10 mM); isocapnic peritubular acidosis in the absence of lumin...

Urine formation by the Malpighian tubules of insects depends on an active transport of potassium (Ramsay, 1953, 1955; Berridge, 1967, 1968). However, potassium transport alone will not induce water transport unless it is accompanied by an anion. For example, if the chloride bathing the isolated tubules of Calliphora is replaced with a non-transportable anion such as sulphate, fluid transport ce...