Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors belong to the superfamily of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription factors, which include three subtypes: PPAR-alpha, beta/delta, and gamma. PPAR-delta, play important roles in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation as well as tissue wound and repair. Emerging evidence has also demonstrated that PPAR-delta is implicated in lipids ...

Diabetes mellitus is known as metabolic disorder related to glucose intolerance which is characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus can be treated by insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents. Most of known oral hypoglycemic are peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors (PPAR) agonist. There are three different subtypes of PPARs are identified and they are involved in glucose metabolism. A b...

Bünger M, van den Bosch HM, van der Meijde J, Kersten S, Hooiveld GJ, Müller M. Genome-wide analysis of PPAR activation in murine small intestine. Physiol Genomics 30: 192–204, 2007. First published April 10, 2007; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00198.2006.— The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR ) is a fatty acid-activated transcription factor that governs a variety of biologi...

Chronic hypoxia activates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and leads to pulmonary vascular remodeling. Pharmacological activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) has been shown to prevent hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in rodent models, suggesting a vasoprotective effect of PPAR-γ under chronic hypoxic stress. This study tes...

The nuclear receptor PPAR g is a central regulator of adipose tissue development and an important modulator of gene expression in a number of specialized cell types including adipocytes, epithelial cells, and macrophages. PPAR g signaling pathways impact both cellular and systemic lipid metabolism and have links to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The ability to activate this rece...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha)-null mice were used to investigate the nature of the relationship between the normal circadian rhythm of hepatic PPAR alpha expression and the expression of the lipogenic and cholesterogenic sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-regulated genes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglut...

Lipoatrophic diabetes is a rare disease characterized by generalized lipodystrophy, severe insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hepatomegaly, and a lack of ketoacidosis (1). In this disease, a high incidence of parental consanguinity or family antecedents with diabetes has been reported (2,3), therefore several candidate genes that might contribute to the etiology of lipoatrophic diabetes have b...

PPAR γ is a nuclear hormone receptor that functions as a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation and development. Full PPAR γ agonists, such as the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), have been widely used to treat type 2 diabetes. However, they are characterized by undesirable side effects due to their strong agonist activities. Pseudoginsenoside F11 (p-F11) is an ocotillol-type ginsenoside isola...

Previous work has implicated PPAR gamma in the regulation of CD36 expression and macrophage uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL). We provide evidence here that in addition to lipid uptake, PPAR gamma regulates a pathway of cholesterol efflux. PPAR gamma induces ABCA1 expression and cholesterol removal from macrophages through a transcriptional cascade mediated by the nuclear receptor LXR alpha. Ligan...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and are considered important targets to treat diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The available PPAR ligands have several side effects leading to health risks justifying the search for new bioactive ligands to activate the PPAR subtypes, in special PPARδ, the less studied P...