ayatollah mohammad hossein gheravi isfahani known as compani is one of the contemporary famous scholars and mystics and the author of arabic poems of divan al-anvar al-ghodsieh, entitled as  moftagher. in his persian and arabic divan there are many poems in praise of prophet mohammad's family among which is his long arabic panegyric in praise of imam reza – peace be upon him. the  present ...

“Damned by Faint Praise” is the phenomenon whereby weak positive information leads to a negative change in belief. However, in a Bayesian model of belief revision positive information can seemingly only exert a positive change in belief. We introduce a version of Bayes’ Theorem incorporating the concept of epistemic closure. This reformalization is able to predict the conditions under which a ‘...

Big Data tools can give “explanations” of complex and elaborate data sets. There is the danger that we might be content with the explanations that these tools produce. It is important to bear in mind that truly understanding something often requires simplifying the initial explanation. Indeed, the wellknown “Occam’s Razor” states roughly that the simplest explanation is the best. This paper exa...