The pulsed electric field (PEF)has been extensively studied in milk processing. However, treatment conditions still need to be improved meet safety for consumption. This study aimed determine optimum by varying PEF and preheating time. Free fatty acids (FFA), pH, vitamin C are used assess the quality. Preheating temperature is fixed at 70°C time: 10, 20, 30 minutes. parameters field, 66 μs puls...

Physical, chemical and microbiological stability of total parenteral nutrient (TPN) admixtures was studied as a function of storage time and temperature. Particle size analysis and zeta potential measurements were carried out to evaluate the possible changes in the kinetic stability of the emulsions as a function of storage time and temperature. The concentration changes of the applied additive...

We discuss the evolution of linear perturbations about a Friedmann– Robertson–Walker background metric, using only the local conservation of energy– momentum. We show that on sufficiently large scales the curvature perturbation on spatial hypersurfaces of uniform-density is constant when the non-adiabatic pressure perturbation is negligible. We clarify the conditions under which super-horizon c...

The performance of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) depends strongly on the performance of its high-voltage battery pack, which is influenced by temperature. We have been working on thermal management of batteries in HEVs, including cooling and heating issues. In cold temperatures, batteries perform poorly because of high internal resistance; the vehicle may start slowly. The battery may need to...

Systems that exhibit pattern formation are typically driven and dissipative. In the early universe, parametric resonance can drive explosive particle production called preheating. The fields that are populated then decay quantum mechanically if their particles are unstable. Thus, during preheating, a driven-dissipative system exists. We have shown previously that pattern formation can occur in ...

We consider the nonlinear dynamics of inflaton fragmentation during and after preheating in the simplest model of chaotic inflation. While the earlier regime of parametric resonant particle production and the later turbulent regime of interacting fields evolving towards equilibrium are well identified and understood, the short intermediate stage of violent nonlinear dynamics remains less explor...

We outline a scenario of galaxy formation in which the gas in galaxy-forming regions was preheated to high entropy by vigorous energy feedback associated with the formation of stars in old ellipticals and bulges and with AGN activity. Such preheating likely occurred at redshifts z ∼ 2 – 3, and can produce the entropy excess observed today in low-mass clusters of galaxies without destroying the ...

In this paper the effect of plasma spray parameters, atomizing gas and substrate preheat temperature on microstructure and phase composition of YSZ coatings produced by SPPS process have been investigated. The experimental results showed that increasing the power of plasma, using hydrogen as the precursor atomizing gas and increasing substrate preheat temperature decrease the amount of non-pyro...

This paper presents a computational study of the impact of preheating, in advance of shock heating, on a structured interface and on the subsequent postshock instability evolution. The study was performed by applying a method, described previously, of evaluating radiative effects using a multidimensional, front-tracking hydrodynamic code with input from a one-dimensional, radiation-hydrodynamic...