introduction: vitamin d deficiency and rickets continue to be health problems in developing countries and most of the infants with congenital rickets may present with hypocalcemic seizure.   case report: in this article, the report on four infants who presented with hypocalcemic seizures but subsequently were found to have congenital rickets is presented. all of them had hypocalcaemia and low l...

introduction: this study aimed to investigate the effect of music on pain, anxiety and vital signs in children undergoing colonoscopy.   method and materials: this randomized study was carried out on 101 children (7 to 14 years old) requiring colonoscopy. children were randomly allocated to a control or case group. the case group was played relaxing music (by clayderman) during the procedure. s...

introduction: hospitalized children are often at increased risk of nutritional impairment at or during admission.   objectives: the aims of this study were to (1) define the nutritional state of hospitalized children with comparison to healthy children in two different countries and (2) compare and contrast three nutritional risk screening (nrs) tools for hospitalized children in terms of the e...

introduction: breast milk is a complete food for growing children until 6 months of age, and mothers, as the most important child health care, play a decisive role in their growth. so promoting  their attitude toward the benefits of breastfeeding ensures guarantee child health in the future. this study aimed to assess maternal knowledge and attitude of mashhad toward exclusive bmf in the first ...

introduction: celiac disease (cd) is a hereditary disorder of the immune system which damages the mucosa of the small intestine caused by gluten consumption(even very small amounts). villous atrophy, leads to malabsorption, which is due to decreased absorption levels. the first bowel symptoms are seen during the first 2 years of life. currently, the only treatment is to compliance with a gluten...

introduction: although the hepatitis e virus mostly causes a self-limited disease in general population, but the disease is more severe in pregnant women. hepatitis e accounts for about 10% of pregnancy associated deaths in southern asia. but the prevalence in iran is almost unclear, so this study is aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of anti-hev igg among a population of pregnant women in...

introduction: today, due to the broad spectrum of pediatric cancers are treated by the chemotherapy drugs, but these drugs have side effects and gastrointestinal toxicity is the most prevalent. one of the main roles of nurses is to better health through patient education and care for him. evidence-based nursing is a process during which the nurse can use the available research evidence, their c...

constipation in children is a common health problem affecting 0.7% to 29.6% children across the world. exact etiology for developing symptoms is not clear in children and the majority is considered to have functional constipation. alteration of rectal and pelvic floor function through the brain-gut axis seems to play a crucial role in the etiology. the diagnosis is often a symptom-based clinica...

introduction: colonoscopy is an invasive method that is painful for patient especially for children. the objective of this research was investigation of the effect of supermint oral drop (peppermint essence) on the patient and colonoscopist group satisfaction during colonoscopy.    materials and methods: one hundred and one patient's candidate for colonoscopy was randomly divided into two ...

introduction: few studies are conducted on the efficacy of antispasmodics in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. we evaluated the effectiveness of a smooth-muscle relaxant (mebeverine) in the treatment of childhood functional abdominal pain (fap).   materials and methods: children (n=115, aged 6-18 years) with fap were randomized to receive mebeverine 135 mg twic...