In any brake system of an automobile or passenger vehicle, an increase in Master/Wheel cylinder diameter ratio leads to an increase in brake efficiency. This paper focuses on Master/Wheel cylinder diameter effect on the brake efficiency. A VISUAL BASIC computer code was developed for computation of Master/Wheel cylinder diameter ratio corresponding to break efficiency. Aided by the developed so...

The wheel loader is modeled as a mechanical manipulator with four degrees of freedom (DOFs), which comprises a seven-bar linkage using the symbolic notation of Denavit and Hartenberg. Homogeneous transformation matrices are used to capture the spatial configuration between adjacent links. The forward kinematics method is used to formulate the kinematics equations by attaching Cartesian coordina...

This paper presents a new control algorithm that prevents electrical vehicle from wheel skidding in presence of uncertainties of tire-road condition. An estimator of the maximum effective torque is realized by wheel velocity and input torque, which is based on a pure kinematic relationship between the wheel and the chassis. In order to enhance the stability of the control system and handing per...

rai eff ex Un ex me wi eff co we an loc wh oth ad rat rep the dis ro W str [2 stu ha ov ra un an in to to im re Un s.iw W Abstract—Un ilway field is ffective operatio xtensively for niversity of Hu xamine the effe easurement und ithout contamin ffect of dry, w ontaminants such ear measuremen n optical profilo cation with high hich both water her damage we ddition of sand tes increased u plica m...

The use of Argania spinosa press cake for livestock feed is limited due to the presence of saponins, which give it a very bitter flavor and make it unpalatable to livestock. The present study aims to evaluate whether a detoxification method reduces saponin levels of press cake and how that affects its nutrient contents. The response surface methodology was used in this study involved g...

The primary purpose of this investigation was to provide a descriptive analysis of lower-body strength and vertical jump performance in overweight male (n = 8) and female (n = 13) adolescents. Maximal strength was tested in the leg press and isometric squat. Kinetic and kinematic variables were assessed in vertical jumps at various loads. When compared with females, males demonstrated significa...

NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We used experimental evolution to determine how selective breeding for high voluntary wheel running and exercise training (7-11 weeks) affect ventilatory chemoreflexes of laboratory mice at rest. What is the main finding and its importance? Selective breeding, although significantly affecting some traits, did not systematically alter vent...

This paper describes an infrared-sensing running wheel (ISRW) system for the quantitative measurement of effective exercise activity in rats. The ISRW system provides superior exercise training compared with commercially available traditional animal running platforms. Four infrared (IR) light-emitting diode/detector pairs embedded around the rim of the wheel detect the rat's real-time position;...

Obesity increases the risks to motor vehicle occupants of some types of injury in crashes. The effects of obesity on injury causation are not well understood and current prevention efforts do not effectively address the increased vulnerability of individuals with high body mass index (BMI). Proximity to the steering wheel has been associated with increased risk due to airbag deployment, and the...

Nowadays, the every vehicle existed mostly still using the two wheel steering system to control the movement of the vehicle whether it is front wheel drive, rear wheel drive or all wheel drive. But due to the awareness of safety, four wheel steering vehicles are being used increasingly due to high performance and stability that they bring to the vehicles. In this report, the performance of four...