– Heat and work are fundamental concepts for thermodynamical systems. When these are scaled down to the quantum level they require appropriate embeddings. Here we show that the dependence of the particle spectrum on system size giving rise to a formal definition of pressure can, indeed, be correlated with an external mechanical degree of freedom, modelled as a spatial coordinate of a quantum os...

We introduce the concept of scanning flow-impedance microscopy (SFIM) which is an imaging technique based on hydrodynamics. Using a simple experimental setup including a mass flow controller and a manometer, the operating principle of SFIM is validated under atmospheric pressure and temperature conditions. Experimental results show that the flow impedance strongly depends on the relative distan...

The hydraulic properties, such as hydraulic conductivity and water retention, of aged diesel-contaminated and bioremediated soils were examined and implications of the hydraulic properties for assessing bioremediation performance of soils were proposed. Bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil was performed over 80 d using three treatments; (I) no nutrient added, column-packed soil, (II) nutr...

Ventricular function was evaluated in 18 patients prior to left ventriculography and selective coronary arteriography. Simultaneous left ventricular pressure (catheter-tip manometer) and dP/dt were recorded at resting heart rates and during tachycardia induced by right atrial pacing. Pressure-velocity curves were constructed from which Vmax and maximum measured contractile element velocity (max...

injection port resulted in an immediate reduction of the pressure to 16-20 mm Hg. (By inserting the manometer adapter into the injection port, the one-way function of the valve was cancelled and flow occurred from cuff to external balloon.) In view of this serious potential for undetected clinical abuse, we feel that the controlled pressure cuff system does not replace the need for frequent mon...

The estimation of central venous pressure (CVP) by inspection of the neck veins is regarded as a quintessential example of effective bedside cardiovascular examination because it is virtually cost-free and requires minimal time and no equipment. In the upright position, venous drainage from the head occurs primarily through the vertebral veins, allowing the jugular vein to act as a manometer, “...

The foam generated by the mixture of air and water has a much higher viscosity and lower mobility than those of pure water or gas that constitutes the air-water foam. The possibility of using the air-water foam as a flow barrier for the purpose of groundwater and soil remediation is explored in this paper. A nanoparticle-stabilized air-water foam was fabricated by vigorously stirring the nano-f...