The first chapter examines the interaction of heterogeneous firms in a competitive market in which firms motivate their workers using relational incentive contracts. In the steady-state rationalexpectations equilibrium, aggregate TFP is fully characterized by a weighted average of firm-specific sustainable effort levels. Relational contracts amplify exogenous productivity heterogeneity and lead...

Ridesharing platforms have radically changed the way people get around in urban areas, but there remain challenges undercutting mission of “making transportation as reliable running water.” A particular concern is that drivers strategize: calling riders to find out their destinations and canceling trips are not worthwhile, declining chasing surge prices neighboring going off-line before large e...

Inefficiencies in the construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycling supply chain constrain green innovation industry. However, existing studies have not analyzed behavior of recyclers CDW public-private partnership (PPP) projects from perspective diffusion theory. To reveal mechanism recyclers’ PPP which remanufacturers jointly participate operation stage, this study uses a Stackelberg game...

Purpose Weaknesses in the grades and standards system low-income countries across Sub-Saharan Africa undermine transparency of agricultural markets. In Democratic Republic Congo (DRC), Ghana Mozambique rice is predominately sold open bags if price does not reflect its quality, then inefficiencies may lead to consumer welfare losses. Importantly, it possible that impoverished communities are pri...

Distributed energy resources (DERs) may enable prosumers to deliver demand response under dynamic pricing schemes. Facing wholesale market prices, the DER scheduling of a profit-maximising prosumer minimises total system cost as well. However, regulated electricity bill components, i.a., distribution tariffs for recovering grid costs, distort these price signals. To study impact tariff structur...

This article contributes to the efficiency literature by defining, in the context of the data envelopment analysis framework, the directional distance function approach for measuring both technical and scale inefficiencies with regard to the use of individual inputs. The input-specific technical and scale inefficiencies are then aggregated in order to calculate the overall inefficiency measures...

The price dispersion means different prices for same goods. In the Internet economy, many economists reckon that the price dispersion in the e-commerce markets should descend along with the dropping of search cost. However, the correlative empirical studies reach a contrary opinion: there not only exist price dispersion in the e-commerce market, but also has larger dispersion degree than the tr...

Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) are the most widely-used measure of health in cost– effectiveness analysis and cost–benefit analysis. Within a welfarist framework QALYs are consistent with people’s preferences under stringent assumptions. Several authors have argued that QALYs are a valid measure of health within an extra-welfarist framework. This paper studies the applicability of QALYs wi...

Tradable permits are celebrated as a political instrument since they allow (i) firms to equalize marginal abatement costs through trade and (ii) the government to distribute the burden of the policy in a politically fair and feasible way. These two concerns, however, conflict in a dynamic setting. Anticipating that high-cost firms will receive more permits in the future, firms purchase excessiv...