Market competition may lead to mismatch between supply and demand. That is, overpricing may give rise to underselling, and underpricing may yield stockout. Capacity sharing is a common practice to align excessive capacity with excessive demand. Yet the strategic interaction between competition and capacity sharing has not been adequately addressed. In this paper we investigate optimal strategie...

An efficient market implies that potential gains from trade are fully captured. Achieving this requires a well-functioning where prices reflect all available information. In the case of water rights markets, permanent transfer price reflects sum discounted returns to asset (i.e., lease price), interest rate, and risk premium future scarcity. The purpose study is assess efficiency western U.S. m...

We challenge the view that technology transfer from big companies to small and medium (SM) size companies helps SM companies to prosper. With a large dataset of SM companies in Korea, we utilize the stochastic production frontier (SPF) model to examine the productivity of inputs and the generalized linear model (GLM) to compare business performance between two groups of SM companies: SM compani...

We analyse times between consecutive transactions for a diverse group of stocks registered on the NYSE and NASDAQ markets, and we relate the dynamical properties of the intertrade times with those of the corresponding price fluctuations. We report that market structure strongly impacts the scale-invariant temporal organisation in the transaction timing of stocks, which we have observed to have ...

Empirical studies on pharmaceutical pricing across countries have found evidence that prices vary according to per capita income. These studies are typically based on survey data from a subset of countries and cover only one year. In this paper, we study the international trade and price of insulin by using detailed trade data for 186 importing countries from 1995 to 2013. With almost 12,000 ob...

In this paper, we study the problem of online pricing for multi-type items. Given a seller with k types of items where the amount of each type is m, a sequence of users {u1, u2, ...} arrive one by one. Each user is single-minded, i.e., each user is only interested in a particular bundle of items. The seller must set the unit price and assign some amount of bundles to each user upon his/her arri...

We analyse the bidding for unit-price contracts, a very common procurement auction. With a unit price contract, not the provision of the good but the employment of several kinds of inputs is priced. The seller charges a unit price for the employed quantity of each input. To select one seller, a linear selection rule is used to rank submitted lists of unit prices. In this paper, we model heterog...

BACKGROUND Fourteen African countries are scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention. Several devices that might offer alternatives to the three WHO-approved surgical VMMC procedures have been evaluated for use in adults. One such device is PrePex, which was prequalified by the WHO in May 2013. We utilized data from one of the PrePex field studies undertaken in Zim...

The world spends more than $500m on long-lasting Insecticidal nets (LLINs) every year; it is the largest single item in the global malaria control budget. A number of agencies have recently expressed interest in exploring how value-for-money in this market could be improved. The WHO Global Malaria Programme has therefore developed a system for reducing the cost-per-year of LLIN coverage. The pr...