The International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition (ICHD-II) was the result of 4 years' work by a large number of headache experts from different parts of the world. This article summarizes the main new features of ICHD-II, compared with the original International Headache Society classification: better definition of migraine with aura, inclusion of chronic migraine, inclusi...

The trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (TACs) are a group of primary headache disorders characterised by unilateral trigeminal distribution pain that occurs in association with prominent ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. The group comprises cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, hemicrania continua, and short lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and ...

A sensitive and specific triage of patients with primary or secondary headache is a major concern in evaluating pediatric headache patients. History and physical examination are the major tools for differentiating primary headache disorders from symptomatic headaches caused by defined pathologies. If the criteria of the International Headache Society for a primary headache disorder are met, no ...

There are studies reporting primary headaches to be associated with gastrointestinal disorders, and some report resolution of headache following the treatment of the associated gastrointestinal disorder. Headache disorders are classified by The International Headache Society as primary or secondary; however, among the secondary headaches, those attributed to gastrointestinal disorders are not a...

OBJECTIVES To present a rare case of primary headache associated with sexual activity. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION A 48-year-old man presented with a severe headache during sexual intercourse, particularly at the time of orgasm. A diagnosis of type 2 primary headache associated with sexual activity was made, and he was started on indomethacin 25 mg to be taken 30 min before interco...

Primary chronic headaches of long duration include chronic migraine, chronic tension-type headache, new daily persistent headache, and hemicrania continua. This article reviews the utility of neuroimaging and other testing for diagnosis of these headaches. The presentation and diagnosis of the many secondary headaches that can mimic primary headache types are also discussed, including arteriove...

Migraine headache is a common disorder seen in primary care. It affects 18% of women and 6.5% of men in the United States, almost half of whom are undiagnosed or undertreated (1, 2). These guidelines, developed by the American Academy of Family Physicians and the American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine, with assistance from the American Headache Society, are based o...

The clinical characteristics of 84 patients with pituitary tumour who had troublesome headache were investigated. The patients presented with chronic (46%) and episodic (30%) migraine, short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT; 5%), cluster headache (4%), hemicrania continua (1%) and primary stabbing headache (27%). It was not possible...

Background: To examine the frequency of possible giant cell arteritis (GCA) symptoms (including headache, temporal/scalp tenderness, jaw claudication and visual symptoms) in newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) patients in UK primary care. Methods: The PMR Cohort Study is a primary care inception cohort of 652 adults with newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). At baseline, partic...

BACKGROUND Cases of patients who developed cluster headache-like symptoms after different putative causes have been reported, indicating a direct relationship between brain lesion and this particular type of headache. Long term, delayed, neurological sequelae after lightning have also been described. CASE REPORT We describe the case of a woman who, at the age of 10, was struck by lightning. S...