We introduce a game of complete information with multiple principals and multiple agents. Each agent makes a decision that can affect the payoffs of all principals. Each principal offers monetary transfers to each agent conditional on the action taken by the agent. We characterize pure-strategy equilibria and we provide conditions — in terms of game balancedness — for the existence of an equili...

In this paper we present a framework to model falsehood in a system. A falsehood or lie is an intended false positive announced by a principal with an objective to deceive other principals. An utterance of lie is said to be successful if other principals believe it. The framework introduced in this paper is essentially a combination of operational model and epistemic model allowing us to expres...

This preliminary study examines the perceptions of school administrators (principals and assistant principals) teachers regarding management parental involvement. Principals, principals, from both Jewish Arab elementary schools were interviewed. Using a qualitative research approach, results show that active participation parents is most important factor to achieve beneficial outcomes. At same ...

In this paper we report on a principal-agent experiment where the principal can choose whether to rely on an unenforcable bonus contract or to combine the bonus contract with a fine if the agent’s effort falls below a minimum standard. We show that most principals do not use the fine and that the pure bonus contract is more efficient than the combined contract. Our experiment suggests that prin...

In order to identify the dimensions and indices of the phenomenon of “leading transfer of learning” within the secondary schools of Tehran province, a sample of 17 lecturers, principals, and experienced teachers was targeted and then interviewed. Inductive analyses of the collected data at three levels of open, pivotal, and selective coding indicate that the role of high school principals along...

Frequently, communication between two principals reveals their identities and presence to third parties. These privacy breaches can occur even if security protocols are in use; indeed, they may even be caused by security protocols. However, with some care, security protocols can provide authentication for principals that wish to communicate while protecting them from monitoring by third parties...

Knowledge flow analysis offers a simple and flexible way to find flaws in security protocols. A protocol is described by a collection of rules constraining the propagation of knowledge amongst principals. Because this characterization corresponds closely to informal descriptions of protocols, it allows a succinct and natural formalization; because it abstracts away message ordering, and handles...

This document specifies a set of methods, headers, message bodies, properties, and reports that define Access Control extensions to the WebDAV Distributed Authoring Protocol. This protocol permits a client to read and modify access control lists that instruct a server whether to allow or deny operations upon a resource (such as HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) method invocations) by a given p...

A Data Sharing Agreement (DSA) is a contract among two or more principals regulating how they share data. Agreements are usually represented as a set of clauses expressed using the deontic notions of obligation, prohibition and permission. In this paper, we present how to model DSAs using the Event-B specification language. Agreement clauses are modelled as temporal-logic formulas that preserve...