These methods are important, but suffer from limited reliability and validity since the outcome of the didactic process is not directly measured. Problem: Is computer-based instruction in pathology better or equivalent to the use of textbooks or printed atlases? Complementary Approach: Outcome oriented evaluation of a CBT program using the methods of a randomized controlled trial.

This paper summarizes the health implications associated with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), primarily through fish consumption. Recent studies complement and add to the scientific data gathered over the last two decades that document health consequences associated with exposures to PCBs. Although much of the research has been undertaken in the Great Lakes basin, the health impli...

Banking sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in Bangladesh. Modern banking sector is becoming more complex than before. Evaluating Bangladeshi banking sector is challenging task. There are so many factors, which need to be taken care while differentiating good banks from bad ones. Sound financial health of a bank is the guarantee not only to its depositors but is equally significant for...

Since the invention of the laser by Theodore H Maiman 50 years ago, lasers have found widespread applications in various technological fields, such as telecommunications, industrial production [1], and sensor and measurement equipment. While the focus in communications is on achieving high transmission frequencies in the GHz range, in industrial production the main objective is often high, puls...

Board functional test has of late been going through a bit of a decline, with the driving factors being cost and time to market and the progress of structural test technologies. Traditional board testers tend to be more the domain of the large volume manufacturers, while today more and more design companies are using subcontracts for PCB manufacture and test. The low volume manufacturers tend n...

In this paper, a methodology is developed for monitoring, recording, and analyzing the life-cycle vibration loads for remaining-life prognostics of electronics. The responses of printed circuit boards to vibration loading in terms of bending curvature are monitored using strain gauges. An analytical model calibrated by finite element analysis is developed to calculate the strain at interconnect...

Liquid-based inkjet printing is considered as a constructive (rather than destructuve) low-cost technique for printed circuit board fabrication. A convenient way of depositing silver films and lines using inkjet technology is to generate silver nanoparticles (AgNP) that can be dispersed and stabilized in solutions, processed into desired patterns and subsequently annealed. To avoid the aggregat...

This paper presents the results obtained with a specific test mask designed at Motorola for the study of the electromagnetic parasitic emissions in integrated circuits (IC). First, origins of parasitic emissions are presented for CMOS circuits, and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) measurements of IC emissions are detailed: a radiated measurement method with respect to the IEC61967-2 standard...

If you look at the mix of papers published at ITC over the last ten years or so, there does appear to be a large swing away from board test topics and towards more IC-oriented technical papers. Why is that? Could one argue that board test became a solved problem after the introduction of the IEEE 1149.1 standard [1]? Hardly, since that original standard, as useful as it has proven to be, was st...

This paper provides an investigation of power distribution network (PDN) performance by a full-wave prediction tool and by experimental measurements. A set of six real boards characterized by increasing complexity is considered in order to establish a solid base for behaviour understanding of printed circuit boards. How the growing complexity impacts on the board performance is investigated by ...