Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is one of the most important soil attributes which control some basic properties of soil such as acidity, water and nutrient retaining capacity. However, the measurement of cation exchange capacity in large areas is time consuming and requires high expenses. One way to save time and expenses is to use simple soil covariates and geostatistical methods in mapping CE...

The intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation have increased in many regions the past century due to climate change. Many studies revealed that short-duration precipitations are likely become more severe areas, thus raising a question on whether our urban infrastructures been designed adequately cope with these changes. Currently, Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves, which summariz...

Analysis of length-biased time-to-event data, which commonly arise in epidemiological cohort studies and cross-sectional surveys, has attracted considerable attention recently. Ignoring length-biased sampling often leads to severe bias in estimating the survival time in the general population. Existing work either completely ignore the covariate effects or use hazard or accelerated failure time...

In many clinical trials, it is important to balance treatment allocation over covariates. Although a great many papers have been published on balancing over discrete covariates, the procedures for continuous covariates have been less well studied. Traditionally, a continuous covariate usually needs to be transformed to a discrete one by splitting its range into several categories. Such practice...

Motivated by a potential-outcomes perspective, the idea of principal stratification has been widely recognized for its relevance in settings susceptible to posttreatment selection bias such as randomized clinical trials where treatment received can differ from treatment assigned. In one such setting, we address subtleties involved in inference for causal effects when using a key covariate to pr...

In this paper, we define the concept of probabilistic like Menger (probabilistic like quasi Menger) space (briefly, PLM-space (PLqM-space)). We present some coupled fixed point and fixed point results for certain contraction type maps in partially order PLM-spaces (PLqM- spaces).

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Program evaluations often utilize various matching approaches to emulate the randomization process for group assignment in experimental studies. Typically, the matching strategy is implemented, and then covariate balance is assessed before estimating treatment effects. This paper introduces a novel analytic framework utilizing a machine learning algorithm called o...